Development of a Stock Management System (a Case Study of Samsiz Supermarket, Agbara)
Chapter One
Aims and Objective of Study
Aim of study is
To design a Computerized stock Management System for a supermarket to ascertain stock level of a supermarket, when to order for more goods, keep status and updates of transactions, thereby helping progress level, stock taking and managerial decisions,.
The objective are
- To study the functions of Supermarket management system.
- To explore the challenges being faced by the manual system.
- To make a software fast in processing, with good user interface.
- To ensure accurate statistics of product item.
- For Easy record of goods in store and proper identification.
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
Introduction to Supermarket
A supermarket is a large form of the traditional grocery store, it is a self-service shop offering a wide variety of food and household products, organized into aisles. It is larger in size and has a wider selection than a traditional grocery store, but is smaller and more limited in the range of merchandise than a hypermarket or big-box market.
The concept of an inexpensive food market relying on large economies of scale was developed by Vincent Astor. He founded the Astor Market in 1915, investing $750,000 of his fortune into a 165 by 125 corner of in the famous 95 Manhattan avenue, creating in effect, an open air mini-mall that sold meat, fruit, produce and flowers. The expectation was that customers would come from great distances (“miles around”), but in the end even attracting people from ten blocks away was difficult, and the market folded in 1917. The concept of a super market was developed by entrepreneur Clarence Saunders and his Piggly Wigglystores. His first store opened in 1916. Saunders was awarded a number of patents for the ideas he incorporated into his stores. The stores were a financial success and Saunders began to offer franchises. The Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Company, which was established in 1859, was another successful early grocery store chain in Canada and the United States, and became common in North American cities in the 1920s. The general trend in retail since then has been to stock shelves at night so that customers, the following day, can obtain their own goods and bring them to the front of the store to pay for them. Although there is a higher risk of shoplifting, the costs of appropriate security measures ideally will be outweighed by reduced labor cost.
Historically, there was debate about the origin of the supermarket, with King Kullen and Ralphs of California having strong claims. Other contenders included Weingarten’s Big Food Markets and Henke & Pillot. To end the debate, the Food Marketing Institute in conjunction with the Smithsonian Institution and with funding from H.J. Heinz, researched the issue. It defined the attributes of a supermarket as “self-service, separate product departments, discount pricing, marketing and volume selling.”
It has been determined that the first true supermarket in the United States was opened by a former Kroger employee, Michael J. Cullen, on August 4, 1930, inside a 6,000-square-foot (560 m2) former garage in Jamaica, Queens in New York City. The store, King Kullen, (inspired by the fictional character King Kong), operated under the slogan “Pile it high. Sell it low.” At the time of Cullen’s death in 1936, there were seventeen King Kullen stores in operation. Although Saunders had brought the world self-service, uniform stores and nationwide marketing, Cullen built on this idea by adding separate food departments, selling large volumes of food at discount prices and adding a parking lot.
Other established American grocery chains in the 1930s, such as Kroger and Safeway at first resisted Cullen’s idea, but eventually were forced to build their own supermarkets as the economy sank into the Great Depression, while consumers were becoming price-sensitive at a level never experienced before. Kroger took the idea one step further and pioneered the first supermarket surrounded on all four sides by a parking lot.
Supermarkets proliferated across Canada and the United States with the growth of automobile ownership and suburban development after World War II. Most North American supermarkets are located in suburban strip shopping centers as an anchor store along with other smaller retailers. They are generally regional rather than national in their company branding. Kroger is perhaps the most nationally oriented supermarket chain in the United States but it has preserved most of its regional brands, including Ralphs, City Market, King Soopers, Fry’s, Smith’s, and QFC.
In Canada, the largest such chain is Loblaw, which operates stores under a variety of regional names, including Fortinos, Zehrs, No Frills, the Real Canadian Superstore, and the largest, Loblaws, (named after the company itself). Sobeys is Canada’s second largest supermarket with locations across the country, operating under many banners (Sobeys IGA in Quebec). Québec’s first supermarket opened in 1934 in Montréal, under the banner Steinberg’s.
In the United Kingdom, self-service shopping took longer to become established. Even in 1947, there were just ten self-service shops in the country. In 1951, ex-US Navy sailor Patrick Galvani, son-in-law of Express Dairies chairman, made a pitch to the board to open a chain of supermarkets across the country. The UK’s first supermarket under the new Premier Supermarkets brand opened in Streatham, South London, taking ten times as much per week as the average British general store of the time. Other chains caught on, and after Galvani lost out to Tesco’s Jack Cohen in 1960 to buy the 212 Irwin’s chain, the sector underwent a large amount of consolidation, resulting in ‘the big four’ dominant UK retailers of today: Tesco, Asda (owned by Wal-Mart), Sainsbury’s and Morrisons.
In the 1950s, supermarkets frequently issued trading stamps as incentives to customers. Today, most chains issue store-specific “membership cards,” “club cards,” or “loyalty cards”. These typically enable the card holder to receive special members-only discounts on certain items when the credit card-like device is scanned at check-out. Sales of selected data generated by club cards is becoming a significant revenue stream for some supermarkets.
Types of Supermarket
Supermarket is categorized into different type due to their size, scale, products offered, Store Format and TrendsWhile people use the terms “Grocery Store”, ”Hypermarket” and “Bigboxmarket” interchangeably to refer to retail food stores, industry watchers offer more specific guidelines about different types of Supermarket. “Hypermarkets” are on the larger end of this spectrum and carry a diverse mix of food and general merchandise. Nomenclature is not always uniform Financial Institutions Fund places Wal-Mart in the same category as supermarkets, but accounting for only the supercenter’s grocery division. The Food Marketing Institute classifies superstores as a large type of supermarket, while designating warehouse stores as grocery stores.
Grocery Store:A grocery store is a retail store that primarily sells food. A grocer is a bulk seller of food. Grocery stores often offer non-perishable food, with some also having fresh produce, butchers, delis, and bakeries. Large grocery stores that stock significant amounts of non-food products, such as clothing and household items, are called supermarkets. Some large supermarkets also include a pharmacy and an electronics section, the latter selling DVDs, headphones, digital alarm clocks, and similar items.
CHAPTER THREE
Research Methodology
INTRODUCTION
In this chapter various sources of data collection methods, interviews and analysis of the current and the proposed system are discussed.
Research methodology talks about the procedure, method or approach adopted. To carry out a project effectively and efficiently there must be a method, there must be a procedure
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The main method of research concerning this project is by observation and interview with the bookshop chairman. After frequent visits to the bookshop, it was easy to draw out conclusions from some observation about the current system. Brief interviews with some students who agreed having an idea of the bookshop were also of great help to this project.
DATA COLLECTION
The major source in data collections and facts findings used is primary source.
Primary Source
This involves oral interviews conducted with various personnel in the supermarket. Reviewing and sharing their experience about the difficulties they undergo in using the manual inventory control system.
Secondary Source
This includes the use of textbooks, dictionaries, journals, newspapers, electronic books and internet downloads to collect data and aid comprehension of the system.
CHAPTER FOUR
SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION AND TESTING
Introduction
This chapter discusses how the program was implemented and how the program was tested respectively.
CHAPTER FIVE
RECOMMENDATION, SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
Summary
The general information collected is used to design and develop an automated sales management system for the samsix. The sales system serves as a control system; in the sense that it is used to control records, monitor transactions, and keep accurate records of day to day transaction. It also serves as a real time system.
Recommendation
From the research I and analysis carried out during my analysis on designing this project work, design and implementation of automated inventory system for SAMSIX SUPERMARKET, It was recommended that the minimart should implements it .This system is jobs. Also, with the assistance of this software, other personnel can go through the software. It was recommended that more accurate than human expert so therefore using this research should be used in changing the system will help the manager make timely decision.
Conclusion
Computer is fast in changing the method of organizational management. Generally, computer and automated systems brings better and more efficient ways of carrying out operations. Based on findings, it is recommended to every hotel, to embark and embrace computerize system of data management in every system.
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