Design and Implementation of Online Birth Rate Monitoring System
Chapter One
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The main objectives of the study, is to enable the staff of ABSUTH to keep accurate record on the birth rate statistics. This study will help the staff in many ways and will be useful in the following way:
- To embrace the full knowledge and impact of computers in birth rate system to enhance efficiency.
- This study will help future employees (doctors and nurses) in the areas of family planning and population study.
- Also the study will help the management to plan organize co-ordinate and control operation to achieve the set objective.
- All the above goes long way to help decision making that will minimize cost hence maximize profit.
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
Attention is drawn from books, journals, magazines, newspapers and other work of previous writers who are related to this study. This is necessary for the effective development of the present study. Birth rate is defined as the number of children born in a particularly geographical area at a particular time.
EFFECTS OF AN INCREASING POPULATION
The following are the effects of an increasing (birth) population:
- It lead to an increase in labor force population
- It lead to an increase in goods and services
- It lead to unemployment because there will be no adequate work place for most people who are qualified to work.
- It brings about increase in the demand for commodities.
- Also there will be pressure on social amenities (e.g. pipe borne water, electricity, hospitals, etc) for they will be inadequate for the increasing population.
- It also results in a low level of income per head (i.e. low per capital income) which will lead to fall in the standard of living.
EFFECTS OF DEATH RATE ON POLUATION
Some of the effects of death rate on population includes:
Decrease in death rates which lead to decrease in goods and services and the demand for goods and services.
It also leads to structural unemployment caused by change in the age distribution in favor of a particular group. Therefore it affects the economy of a country or population negatively.
Factors responsible for increase in population
There are some factors responsible for increase in population
- Better medical care and adequate medical checkup increase life span and reduces death rate of adults and children (i.e. fetal and material mortality rate).
- Early marriage results in bearing many children which resulted into) increase in population.
- Increase fertility of men and women of an achieve age in a country will lead to bearing of many children which increase the population.
- Lack of knowledge on the application of family planning techniques such as contraceptives pills, condoms etc will increase child bearing and therefore increase population.
- Age distribution that favors the reproductive group (15-49 years) of female lead to the increase in child bearing which increase population.
- Illiteracy and lack of educational background also contribute greatly to the increase in child bearing and population. Researchers have shown that high number of illiterates and non educated groups mostly in the developing countries (e.g. China, Nigeria etc) belief that the higher the number of children in a family the higher the wealth of the family by regarding the children as the breadwinner of the family at their tender ages.
Causes of decrease in population (Death rate): The following are also the factors that determines death rate
Lack of medical facilities result in an increase in however the use of data processing in computer technology has really improved the health care system of the society. According to Igwe (2002) Data processing has grown in techniques and sophistication, giving norm for greater flexibility in managing, processing and reproducing of data or information.
William (1978) from Igwe (2002) defined data processing as execution of a systematic sequence of operations performed upon data, and information processing is the modernized name for data processing likewise Robert (1978) from Igwe (2002) defined data processing as any operation or combination of operations on data to achieve a desired result. Thus the medical histories of patients can be traced easily for appropriate data processing for diagnosing and treating of diseases.
Furthermore, Monge (1982) said maintenance of a particular existing development involves the use of computer to assess the best approaches and the image digitized for display on a computer screen in three dimensions. Thus image can be related on screen by the surgeon and experiment made and the result which is given can be viewed on screen from any angle. In this regards a plastic surgeon can study the result of a variety of strategies before making a single decision or mark on the patient.
Therefore considering the priceless value of the human health and life, the use of computer data processing has becomes an everyday application. This is useful in creating interpersonal and interactive mode that characterized a pathologist patient relationship with the primary aim of using an automated system to perform the cultural examination of specimen and issuing of result after treating a patient. In a world of modern technology, every organization now keeps pace with modern development.
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY, SYSTEM INVESTIGATION AND ANALYSIS
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research methodology is said to be the used in getting information for his/her research work. Investigation deals with the study of existing methods or procedures established habit instead of emergence of a total new system, which is quite decent from working or operation of the old system.
Research method and analysis of facts has to be carried out in the old existing system. Thus understanding the shortcoming of the old system and areas in provided, understanding a focus will be appreciated by the research, if listed before the research work bogies
Research methods includes:
- Interview method (Oral)
- Questionnaire
- Observation
- Research/site unit
- Experimentation
INTERVIEW METHOD (ORAL)
This involves a face to face contact by the analyst with interviewer. it allow the system analyst prove for more feedback from interviewer. Here, all the information required is given to boast his knowledge, the information gotten is reliable and accurate, have some effective trace in it.
QUESTIONNAIRES
This is a brief written method of question to the distributed individual in an organization. We have free format and fixed format. Fixed format questionnaire. It contains question that requires specifics respond form individual in a fixed format space is provided to tick yes/no or optional answer. Free format offers the respondent the greater attitude in answering questions, in such case a question is asked and the respondent answers the question by recording it in the space provided, then after the question, it also allowed the respondent to make certain explanation while answering the questions.
OBSERVATION
In observation method, the analyst as part of the system, the researcher watched severally and based on the observation inferences were made, techniques is often used when validity of data is collected through the other method or when complexity of a certain aspect of the system prevent a clear explanation by the end of user. Data gathered by this method can be highly relatable. Observation method is conducted to check the validity of data obtained by the individual. It allows the system analysis to see exactly what will be done and to do work measurement.
DATA ANALYSIS
The collection of data indicted above is not the end of the study. However, the result of the investigation has to be analyzed and presented in orderly manner for easy comprehension.
DATA ANALYSIS
Data are been analyzed to make necessary inference on the research, finding and analysis will concentrate on the questionnaire correspond with question respond. Data analysis it was observed that must people registered birth of the children.
CHAPTER FOUR
SYSTEM DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
SYSTEM DESIGN
System design is the process of designing the input and the processing steps to meet the user’s requirement. The suggested redesign of the existing system is mainly the creation of a computer department with mainframe or super computer connecting other department with terminals or modes, with the operation of this department, the need of statistics will no longer be include because the computer department will now take up its function.
Hence with the implementation of such, the nurse in charge of aggregate number of birth in the hospital documents. A baby delivered at any point in time, the enable instances access to database on birth rate will be hospital. Group of the file are to be maintained in the new system. Via input file for birth also output file birth and magnetic type file for storage of voluminous data. Computation of birth is done automatically at the end of the year to ascertain the average birth, thus access of such data by researcher will be very easy.
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
SUMMARY OF ACHIEVEMENT.
Undeveloped and developing countries have suffered a lot from the consequences of insufficient data information and in most cases it is a matter of the unavailability of data. The set of any good management is based on organized, coordinate sufficient and reliable data. This facts support the idea of databank whose importance is to improve relevant and sufficient data information promptly that would have immerse benefit to them their business.
This is therefore buttress the fact that database or databank, it involves birth rate directions, which will provide descriptive information in various fields. The management and control of the birth rate statistics data system. One of such is the database management system (DBMS). This software (set of instruction that fells the computer what to do) it is sort through files stored data and retrieves specification information. They specifically handle structural data that would in a system be stored in a cabinet files. The concept of database means something specific that data (birth rate) collected posses certain and this essential requirement in a database is not store data.
Efficiently but also to provide the effective means of retrieval. The objectives are to provide reliable up to-date information. It serves a purpose but it cannot be retrieved are efficiently that others that the data structure for the base due to the fact that the base is in a logical section.
RECOMMENDATION
Based on findings got and analyzed, the following recommendation is suggested.
- Adequate trainer of the operation of the user is necessary to boast the efficiency of the business with respect to the system.
- Simple basic program should be written to assist the information seekers (customers)
- Though the system is expensive to maintain in terms personnel and equipment but the believe is that the cost will be less obviously the new system is poorly implemented.
This is a result the computer peculiar features which available tools and the long run benefit of the information technology. An efficient service through the introduction of the following could be taken into consideration. The institution and other concerned business centers should make a way for the acquisition necessary hardware.
Software should be checked for accuracy and appropriateness and both software and hardware should be protected from damages or corruption. Security measure should be applied to various computers and related equipment to safeguard them.
Finally, the researcher, wished to recommend that in future i.e. no distant time the institution should take into consideration the linking of their operation to the internet and having a website of their own of easy and global access to their various authorized users the advertisement of their operation and many more.
CONCLUSION
Having carried out indebt study and investigation of the DBMS. An online birth rate statistics in Abia State Teaching Hospital Aba and putting into considering the following management system, the result of the benefit are:
- Flexibility, the system permits existing data to be used for the purposes that were not envisaged when it was collected.
- Fewer restrictions on user can be with data compared to fixed file structure.
- Simplicity authorized users are granted access to global view of data within the establishment.
- Easier implementation of new application especially when some data were already in existence.
- Standardization, which simplified the meaning and usage of data.
- Data independence, which allows the database in be modified to meet the requirement of new application without obstruction existing operational program.
- Ability to store a large amount of data
- The researcher then concludes that the creation of a database will go a long way to serve as tools for a effective data and information management. This will also check unauthorized access to users would give the password/security codes to access.
The will also help to reduce time wastage by removing old method of manual operations on the same vein; it will help to improve the degree of accuracy and proficiency and hence satisfy the customers.
SUGGESTION FOR FURTHER STUDIES
The researcher after being limited to the scope of the study as a result of certain constraints therefore suggests to future researchers where inserts is on similar area to treat the control and management of bro and database system.
REFERENCE
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