Design and Implementation of Coronavirus Tracking System for Infected Patients
CHAPTER ONE
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The aims and objectives of this study include;
- To create a database for government disease control agencies that have access to COVID cases whereby the authorized agencies can add and update their relevant numbers.
- To create an information obtaining system which in this case, will be an at-a-glance view of the cases, recovered and deaths.
- To improve upon the current means of data collection and record keeping of respective cases of each state.
CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
This chapter examines in detail, the history and developments made in the health care, through disease tracking systems, previous research work on this subject, the characteristics, models, architectures and limitations as pointed out by various scholars and researchers. This will provide the ground work for figuring out an efficient way to collect and process data on the COVID-19 pandemic.
HISTORY OF DISEASE TRACKING SYSTEMS
Public health tracking goes back to the hour of Pharaoh Mempses in the First Dynasty, when a pandemic was first recorded in mankind’s set of experiences. Manetho, the Egyptian cleric and history specialist, expressed in his rundown of pharaohs, “Mempses, for eighteen years. In his reign many portents and a great pestilence occurred”. The “great pestilence” is now known to have occurred in 3180 B.C.
As indicated by Marks and Beatty, the three most annihilating pestilences to hit humanity were “The Plague of Justinian” (A.D. 541–591) which kept going 50 years, “The Black Death” (1348–1351) which endured 4 years, and “Spanish Influenza” (1918) which kept going five months. From an examination of , it tends to be seen that three sorts of data were remembered for the chronicled records of pestilences. These are health results, hazard variables, and intercessions. These are likewise the kinds of data that ought to be remembered for a current public health global positioning framework. They are the powers controlling the adjustments in public health. The results obtained measure the condition of public health. Danger factors move the condition of public health towards unwanted health results, and intercessions if effective move the condition of public health towards alluring health results.
The idea of collecting and analyzing data dates back to Hippocrates (460 B.C.–370 B.C.), an ancient Greek physician who is also known as the father of medicine and the first epidemiologist. He is credited with being the first person to believe that diseases were caused naturally and not because of superstition and gods. Disease was a consequence of local conditions, which had to be favourable for a particular disease to occur. He introduced the concept of categorizing illnesses as acute (short duration) or chronic (long lasting). He also coined the terms endemic (for diseases usually found in some places but not in others; steady state) and epidemic (for diseases that are seen at some times but not others; abrupt change in incidence). In his book On Airs, Waters, and Places he wrote, “The men are subject to attacks of dysentery, diarrhea, hepialus, chronic fevers in winter, of epinyctis, frequently, and of hemorrhoids about the anus. Pleurisies, peripneumonies, ardent fevers, and whatever diseases are reckoned acute, do not often occur, for such diseases are not apt to prevail where the bowels are loose. Ophthalmies occur of a humid character, but not of a serious nature, and of short duration, unless they attack epidemically from the change of the seasons. And when they pass their fiftieth year, defluxions supervening from the brain, render them paralytic when exposed suddenly to strokes of the sun, or to cold. These diseases are endemic to them, and, moreover, if any epidemic disease connected with the change of the seasons, prevail, they are also liable to it.”. According to the Hippocratic definition, an endemic is a disease determined by the nature of a certain place, and climatic, hydrological, and behavioural determinants are seen as the main forces. This provides the concept of collecting data on place, natural environment and people for determination of illness.
CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY
This chapter reviews how the existing system works as well as how to produce a better alternative for its improvement. The relationship among actors, entities, platform and information flows within the organization is very important. In a nutshell, system investigation and analysis studies an existing system with the view of improving on it or developing an entirely new system to replace the existing one. The major task here is to design a new system using tested and trusted development methods that is as efficient and probably more efficient than the existing one. The software development model is the Waterfall model.
CHAPTER FOUR
IMPLEMENTATION AND RESULTS
INTRODUCTION
This chapter discusses the deployment and testing of the COVID -19 tracking system after the design and development. The Hardware and Software Requirements as well as Development tools are identified in this chapter.
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION
SUMMARY
An online COVID-19 disease tracking system was developed in this project and integrated with with the view to combat outbreaks of diseases in our everyday life. The system was able to register state officials and store their information and enabling login to add things to the database. This project also emphasized on the need for information gathering and analysis in order to combat the virus.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, the online COVID-19 disease tracking system is providing a way to practice information keeping effectively and reduce the cost, slow nature and labour of the traditional methods. However, we have been able to integrate the level of trust in the traditional physical tracking and documentation sector with the ease brought about by the World Wide Web.
RECOMMENDATION
For future works, improvements can be made in terms of user identification and verification. Data security, data retrieval and fraud detection and reporting should be a vital consideration in development of any further tracking systems.
REFERENCES
- Freeman V. (1952)Control of infectious disease by local authorities. J R Inst Public Health ;15:40–9.
- Langmuir AD.(1963) The surveillance of communicable diseases of national importance. N Engl J Med; 268:182–92.
- Thacker SB, Gregg MB. (1996) Implementing the concepts of William Farr: the contributions of Alexander D. Langmuir to public health surveillance and communications. Am J Epidemiol ;144:523–8.
- Eylenbosch WJ, Noah ND.(1988)Historical aspects. In: Eylenbosch WJ, Noah ND (eds.) Surveillance in Health and Disease. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, pp 3–8
- Moro ML, McCormick A. (1988) Surveillance for communicable disease. In: Eylenbosch WJ, Noah ND (eds.) Surveillance in Health and Disease. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 166–82.
- Hartgerink MJ.(1976)Health surveillance and planning for health care in the Netherlands. Int J Epidemiol ;5:87–91.
