Design and implementation of a computerized antenatal information system
CHAPTER ONE
AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
This research project is aimed at developing a computerized antenatalinformation system that will be of immense importance to the hospital. This system can be used to maintain the antenatal information in the Hospital.The project has the following objectives:
- To develop a system that will make retrieval of antenatal information more efficient and reliable.
- To allow simultaneous viewing and update of the antenatal information.
- To design a system that can eliminate missing of antenatal information.
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
INTRODUCTION
In this chapter, all the information related to the antenatal and information system are found by surfing the Internet and going to the library. Literature review is done and findings outcomes after read through all the information. The chapter review the related literatures and also try to come with a conclusion based on the research carried out by some scholars in the past to enlighten more on the subject being researched upon. It goes further to review the related system, programming language as well as the database used in the course of the project.
REVIEW OF THE RELATED LITERATURE
Prenatal care also known as antenatal careis a type of preventive healthcare. It is provided in the form of medical checkups, consisting of recommendations on managing a healthy lifestyle and the provision of medical information such as maternal physiological changes in pregnancy, biological changes, and prenatal nutrition including prenatal vitamins, which prevents potential health problems throughout the course of the pregnancy and promotes the mother and child’s health alike.The availability of routine prenatal care, including prenatal screening and diagnosis, has played a part in reducing the frequency of maternal death, miscarriages, birth defects, low birth weight, neonatal infections and other preventable health problems.
Traditional prenatal care in high-income countries generally consists of:
- monthly visits during the first two trimesters(from the 1st week to the 28th week)
- fortnightly visits from the 28th week to the 36th week of pregnancy
- weekly visits after 36th week to the delivery, from the 38th week to the 42nd week
- Assessment of parental needs and family dynamics
The traditional form of antenatal care has developed from the early 1900s and there is very little research to suggest that it is the best way of giving antenatal care. Antenatal care can be costly and uses many staff. The following paragraphs describe research on other forms of antenatal care, which may reduce the burden on maternity services in all countries.
The WHO recommends that pregnant women should all receive at least eight antenatal visits to spot and treat problems and give immunizations. Although antenatal care is important to improve the health of both mother and baby, many women do not receive eight visits. There is little evidence behind the number of antenatal visits, pregnant women receive and what care and information is given at each visit. It has been suggested that women who have low-risk pregnancies should have fewer antenatal visits.[3]However, when this was tested, women with less visits had babies who were much more likely to be admitted to neonatal intensive care and stay there for longer (though this could down to chance results).14% more babies died compared with those whose mothers had a standard number of visits. Women who had less antenatal visits were not as satisfied with the care they received compared with women who had the standard number of visits.A new alternative for some of the routine prenatal care visits is Telemedicine.
There are many ways of changing health systems to help women access antenatal care, such as new health policies, educating health workers and health service reorganization. Community interventions to help people change their behavior can also play a part. Examples of interventions are media campaigns reaching many people, enabling communities to take control of their own health, informative-education-communication interventions and financial incentives. A review looking at these interventions found that one intervention helps improve the number of women receiving antenatal care. However interventions used together may reduce baby deaths in pregnancy and early life, lower numbers of low birth weight babies born and improve numbers of women receiving antenatal care.
The World Health Organization (WHO) reported that in 2015 around 830 women died every day from problems in pregnancy and childbirth. Only 5 lived in high-income countries. The rest lived in low-income countries.
A study examined the differences in early and low-weight birth deliveries between local and immigrant women and saw the difference caused by prenatal care received. The study, between 1997 and 2008, looked at 21,708 women giving birth in a region of Spain. The results indicated that very preterm birth (VPTB) and very low birth weight (VLBW) were much more common for immigrants than locals (Castelló et al., 2012). The study showed the importance of prenatal care and how universal prenatal care would help people of all origins get proper care before pregnancy/birth (Castelló et al., 2012).
CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY
INTRODUCTION
This chapter deals with the methodology adopted for the study, design and development of the application. Methodology can be the analysis of the principles of methods, rules and postulates employed by a discipline. It refers to modus operandi that is a person’s technique of handling a task. Research can be defined as the search for knowledge or any systematic investigation to establish facts. This section will outline the various method to be used in all the stages of system analysis and design for the realization of an effective E-book sharing website System.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
Research can simply be defined as the process of finding solution to a problem or testing hypothesis. Research design is a set of common techniques used to find or search for meaning information about an existing system.
CHAPTER FOUR
NEW SYSTEM DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
INTRODUCTION
The next step after the analysis of the system process is to design a new system that may work better than the previous system. This commences after the system analysis approval and its recommendation. Designing a system may require a careful study in establishing the specification for both the data to be processed by the computer and the program that instructs the computer on what to do.
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
SUMMARY
The nature of hospitalization and antenatal make the creation, tracking, storage of antenatal information a crucial task. However, though hospitals spend tons of money in managing the records. It is still a tedious job to perform the administrative job and unexpected accidents occur which will cause the loss of important records. It rise up the need to design an automated, intelligent system which can both save the costing and work load of hospital staff, and at the same time provide a reliable and holistic records antenatal . This research explained the detailed design flow and the cautious thinking on choosing the core elements used to implement the system. Various technologies like VB.Net and MS PowerPoint have been integrated into the user interface to make it user-friendly and easy to manage. In order to improve the cross platform capability, MS Access database had been chosen to perform the back-end data querying and storage.
CONCLUSION
Finally due to time limitations, the system is design to support the antenatal unit of the hospital As the amount of antenatal information getting larger, the system may not be capable. To improve the scalability of the system, the back-end system should support load-balancing features such that once there is a heavy load, the system could be able to load balance between several records to increase the processing speed.
And also for further improvement, can add more functions such as extending the system to be visible in all offices, to include other unit of record department to make this Antenatal information System used more convenient and others require improvements.
RECOMMENDATION
Based on findings got and analyzed, the following recommendation is suggested.
- Adequate trainee of the operation of the user is necessary to boast the efficiency of the business with respect to the system.
- Simple basic program should be written to assist the information seekers (customers)
- Though the system is expensive to maintain in terms personnel and equipment but they believe is that the cost will be less obviously the new system is poorly implemented.
This is a result the computer peculiar features which available tools and the long run benefit of the information technology. An efficient service through the introduction of the following could be taken into consideration. The institution and other concerned business centers should make a way for the acquisition necessary hardware.
Software should be checked for accuracy and appropriateness and both software and hardware should be protected from damages or corruption. Security measure should be applied to various computers and related equipment to safeguard them.
Finally, the researcher, wished to recommend that in future i.e. no distant time the clinic should take into consideration the linking of their operation to the internet and having a website of their own of easy and global access to their various authorized users the advertisement of their operation and many more.
REFERENCES
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- ANUAR, M. A. (2006). CLINIC MANAGEMENT SYSTEM. UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA SARAWAK, , 24.
- Meegoda, J. N. (2013). Antenatal information system. East Bay Municipal Utility District, 48.
- Tagger, B. (2015). An Introduction and Guide to Successfully Implementing a LIMS ( Antenatal information system ). Ceredigion: Computer Science Department, University of Wales, Aberystwyth.
- Turner Elizabeth, P. C. (2007). Implementing a Antenatal information system (LIMS) in an Army Corps of Engineers’ Water Quality Testing Clinical. Accelerated Technology Laboratories, Inc., 4.
- Ceruzzi, Paul E. (2000): A History of Modern Computing. London: The MIT Press.
- Paul/W. Hereto (1974:110): “Computer in Management Information System”; the Third Generation.
- Dowswell, T; Carroli, G; Duley, L; Gates, S; Gülmezoglu, AM; Khan-Neelofur, D; Piaggio, G (16 July 2015). “Alternative versus standard packages of antenatal care for low-risk pregnancy”. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.
- “WHO recommendation on antenatal care contact schedules“. WHO.World Health Organisation.Retrieved July 30, 2020.
- Mbuagbaw, L; Medley, N; Darzi, AJ; Richardson, M; HabibaGarga, K; Ongolo-Zogo, P (1 December 2015).”Maternal mortality”World Health Organization.Retrieved September 23, 2017.