Design and Construction of a GSM/SMS Based Fire Alarm System
Chapter One
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The basic objective of this system is to utilize the available and cheap method of the remote and automation process of the GSM network and sensing system to collect real-time status of the environment and make measurements to prompt a remote response in case of a fire incident.
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
INTRODUCTION TO FIRE AND FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS
Fire is a self-sustaining, chemical chain reaction with varying degrees of light and heat. Temperature and smoke sensing alert system is motivated to sense the temperature and smoke and send the alert in an intelligent fashion in case of emergency situation due to fire blow. In every country in the world the fire alarming system is considered to be essential for lots of physical structures including industries, shopping malls and private houses.
Fire is made up of four components:
- Fuel
- Oxygen
- Heat
- Chemical Chain Reaction
A fire alarm system is used primarily to evacuate the premises in the event of occurrence of a fire condition and then secondarily to report the fire to the proper authorities. The fire alarm system recognizes four different states or conditions: normal, alarm, trouble and supervisory. Simplistically speaking, a basic system consists of a fire alarm control panel (FACP) to which are connected initiating (input) devices, notification (output) appliances, and a source of operating power, and a source of standby power in the event the operating power should fail. As seen in Figure 2.2 below. The function of a fire alarm control panel is basically threefold: [1]
1) Accept an alarm or supervisory input from an initiating device.
2) Provide an alarm output to the notification appliance(s).
3) Monitor the integrity of the panel itself and also the wiring to the above devices.
CHAPTER THREE
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE
METHODOLOGY
The method used in the execution of this project comprises the combination of serial communication protocols, signal processing, programming logics with embedded system. In other to establish the aim of the project these methods were combined from the design stage to the construction and performance results of the system. Using carefully selected materials and software implementation to drive the complete system as seen in the final construction. This chapter entails the design procedure of the system detailing the theoretical analysis, choice of components and values and construction and packaging materials. Indicating calculations, schematics and drawings
HARDWARE DESIGN ANALYSIS
The circuit is divided into 5 segments: the regulated power, communication unit, microcontroller unit, display and smoke detector unit. The block diagram for the system is presented in the figure below, showing the basic units of the system circuitry.
CHAPTER FOUR
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
After the whole design constructed, it was put to test to see if it performs the design specifics of smoke detection and SMS communication to predefined phone numbers. In this prototype model, a dedicated SIM is provided for the Modem with predefined emergency phone numbers stored. The complete system on a PCB is housed in a PVC making the unit compact.
PRESENTATION OF RESULTS
Shown in the plates below are the presentation and packaging of the finished fire alarm system with SMS notification system.
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION AND RECOMENDATIONS
CONCLUSION
In this paper as proposed an automatic fire alarm system with SMS notification has been designed and implemented, it can be deduced from the design and test results that the project has met its objectives. This project has therefore as proposed provided a novel solution to the inadequacies of traditional fire alarm systems. The sensor applied in this design provides sensing for gas leakages with fast response and high sensitivity. In the case of power failure the system is designed to run on a round the clock basis as it is presented with an automated power backup system. The drawback of the system from test implies the dependence of the system on the GSM network for SMS communication, for areas or times with no network coverage the system may not be able to communicate and these areas for future development.
As the system takes care of few of the drawbacks of the existing system, there is scope for further improvement and expansion of this work. The system can be expanded with further security measures, the system can be developed to automatically turn OFF power supply to the premises to prevent further spread of fire as well as to trigger a fire extinguishing system to put out the fire. It is recommended to develop a system in which temperature monitoring and controlling is performed.
REFERENCES
- The ABC’s of Fire Alarm Systems – Section I, By Anthony J. Shalna, 2009, Principal IMSA Representative to the Automatic Fire Alarm Association.
- Fire Service Features of Buildings and Fire Protection Systems Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) U.S. Department of Labor.
- Development of A GSM – Based Fire Detector System: Oke A.O, Falohun A.S and Adetunji A.B. Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering 2015 Vol I WCE 2015, July 1 – 3, 2015, London, U.K.
- An Intelligent Fire Alert System using Wireless Mobile Communication: Mahdi Nasrullah Al-Ameen, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
- Design and in Prototype Implementation of Fire Detection and Intelligent Alarm System: Daniel D. Dasig, Jr, Proceedings of the Intl. Conf. on Advances in Computing, Control and Networking – ACCN 2015. Institute of Research Engineers and Doctors, USA. ISBN: 978-1-63248-038-5 doi: 10.15224/ 978-1-63248-038-5-105
- Fire Detection and Notification System in Trains: Kuncham Viswa Teja, Suresh Angadi, Dept. of ECE, K L University, Vaddeswaram, A.P, India: International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology. Vol. 2, Issue 4, April 2013
