Contributions of Quantity Surveying Professions Towards the Development of Sustainable Construction Industry in Nigeria
Chapter One
Objectives of the Study
This research has three specific objectives:
- To assess the level of awareness and understanding of sustainable construction practices among quantity surveying professionals in Nigeria.
- To examine the current roles and responsibilities of quantity surveyors in integrating sustainability considerations throughout the construction lifecycle.
- To identify potential barriers and opportunities for quantity surveyors to contribute more effectively to the development of a sustainable construction industry in Nigeria.
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
Conceptual Review
Sustainable Construction Practices
Sustainable construction practices have emerged as a crucial approach to address environmental and social challenges in the construction industry (AIQS, 2016). These practices encompass a range of strategies aimed at reducing the industry’s ecological footprint and enhancing its positive impact on society. One key aspect of sustainable construction is the use of eco-friendly materials and building methods that minimize resource consumption and waste generation (Autodesk Inc., 2021). For instance, the adoption of renewable and recyclable materials can significantly reduce the depletion of natural resources and minimize the overall carbon footprint of construction projects (NIQS Website, 2022).
Furthermore, energy efficiency plays a pivotal role in sustainable construction practices (Ayodeji & Ogunsemi, 2012). Designing buildings with energy-efficient features, such as proper insulation, energy-efficient lighting, and HVAC systems, can lead to substantial energy savings and contribute to a greener built environment (Odeyinka et al., 2020). Sustainable construction practices also emphasize the incorporation of green technologies, such as solar panels and rainwater harvesting systems, to promote self-sufficiency in energy and water usage (Ajanlekoko, 2018).
Moreover, sustainable construction practices prioritize the well-being of occupants and the surrounding community (Babalola, 2016). This includes considerations for indoor air quality, natural lighting, and the creation of green spaces that promote a healthier living and working environment (Chan & Tse, 2022). Additionally, sustainable construction places emphasis on social responsibility, encouraging fair labor practices and community engagement throughout the project lifecycle (Musa et al., 2020).
In summary, sustainable construction practices have become imperative for the construction industry to mitigate environmental impacts and enhance social well-being (Ashworth et al., 2019). The integration of eco-friendly materials, energy-efficient technologies, and socially responsible practices can pave the way for a more sustainable and resilient built environment in the future (Shafiei & Said, 2018). Embracing sustainable construction practices not only benefits the environment but also improves the long-term viability and reputation of the construction industry (Ezenwa, 2014). As the world faces increasing challenges related to climate change and resource depletion, the adoption of sustainable construction practices remains a critical step towards a more sustainable and equitable future.
Quantity Surveying Profession and its Role in Construction Industry
The quantity surveying profession plays a pivotal role in the construction industry, with its primary function centred around cost management and financial control (AIQS, 2016). Quantity surveyors are responsible for accurately estimating the costs of construction projects, from the initial planning stages to the completion (Adebiyi & Osazuwa, 2017). They prepare detailed cost estimates, taking into account various factors such as material costs, labour expenses, equipment, and overheads (Ezenwa, 2014). These estimates are essential in budgeting and decision-making processes, ensuring that projects remain financially viable and meet client requirements (Towey, 2020).
Additionally, quantity surveyors play a crucial role in contract administration and procurement (NIQS, 2014). They are involved in the preparation and evaluation of tender documents, helping clients select the most suitable contractors and suppliers (Ajanlekoko, 2018). Throughout the construction process, quantity surveyors manage contractual agreements, ensuring that all parties adhere to their obligations (Ogunsemi, 2006). This contractual expertise contributes to the smooth execution of projects and minimizes disputes (Maarouf & Habib, 2021).
Furthermore, quantity surveyors have a significant influence on value management and cost optimization (Adebiyi & Osazuwa, 2017). By evaluating different design and material options, they can help clients achieve the best value for their investments (Venter, 2019). This cost-effectiveness is particularly relevant in sustainable construction practices, where efficient resource management is paramount (Ayodeji & Ogunsemi, 2012).
In recent years, the role of quantity surveyors has evolved to include sustainability considerations (Ogunsemi, 2016). Quantity surveyors are increasingly expected to be knowledgeable about green building practices and the use of sustainable materials (NIQS Website, 2022). They can advise clients on cost-effective sustainable options and assess the life-cycle costs and benefits of sustainable building features (Lee & Hogg, 2019). This integration of sustainability expertise is critical in contributing to the development of a more environmentally responsible construction industry (Ebunoluwa et al., 2017).
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Introduction
This chapter presents the research methodology employed to investigate the awareness and integration of sustainable construction practices among quantity surveyors in Nigeria. The methodology outlines the research design, population of the study, sampling technique and sample size, sources and method of data collection, method of data analysis, validity and reliability of the study, and ethical considerations.
Research Design
The research design is a crucial aspect of any study as it determines the overall approach to data collection and analysis. For this study, a quantitative survey research design was selected. A quantitative survey allows for the collection of numerical data from a large sample size and facilitates statistical analysis to draw generalizable conclusions (Creswell, 2019). The use of a survey design is appropriate for studying the awareness and integration of sustainable construction practices, as it enables the researcher to gather information from a broad range of quantity surveyors across different locations and organizations (Saunders et al., 2020).
Population of the Study
The target population for this study comprises quantity surveyors working in various construction-related firms and organizations in Nigeria. Justification for the target population of 1300 respondents is based on the need to obtain a representative sample that reflects the diversity of the quantity surveying profession in the country. Considering the size and scope of the construction industry in Nigeria, a substantial population is required to ensure adequate representation of quantity surveyors from different regions, sectors, and experience levels (Kothari, 2021).
Sampling Technique and Sample Size
A convenient sampling technique was adopted for this study due to the practical constraints of time, resources, and accessibility of potential respondents. Convenient sampling allows researchers to select participants who are readily available and willing to participate in the study, making it suitable for gathering data from a large population within a limited timeframe (Field, 2019). The sample size was determined based on statistical considerations, aiming for a balance between practicality and representativeness. A sample size of 120 respondents was deemed adequate to achieve reliable results and meaningful statistical analysis (Bryman, 2022).
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION
Data Presentation
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary of Findings
The summary of findings from Tables 4.1 to 4.8 provides insights into the demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the respondents, as well as their level of awareness and understanding of sustainable construction practices.
Table 4.1 shows that out of the 120 questionnaires distributed, 97 were returned and completed, resulting in a response rate of 80.8%. This high response rate indicates a good level of engagement and interest among the quantity surveying professionals in the study.
In Table 4.2, the gender distribution of the respondents is presented, with 62.0% being female and 38.0% male. This indicates a relatively balanced representation of genders in the survey, reflecting the diversity within the quantity surveying profession.
Table 4.3 highlights the age distribution of the respondents. The majority of the respondents (56.5%) were in the age range of 18-35, with 26.9% being between 36-45 years old and 19.4% being 46 years old and above. This distribution indicates a mix of both early-career and experienced professionals participating in the study.
The educational level of the respondents is illustrated in Table 4.4. The majority of respondents (64.8%) reported having other educational qualifications, while 17.6% held a Doctorate, 12.0% held a Bachelor’s degree, and 5.6% held a Master’s degree. This diverse educational background suggests a wide range of knowledge and expertise among the quantity surveying professionals.
Table 4.5 presents the employment status of the respondents. The majority of respondents (54.6%) were employed, while 14.8% were retired, 13.0% were unemployed, and 14.8% were either students or engaged in other activities. This distribution indicates a mix of professionals actively working in the industry, as well as those in different phases of their careers.
In Table 4.6, the respondents’ years of experience as quantity surveyors are shown. The majority (59.3%) had more than 10 years of experience, 34.3% had 1-5 years of experience, and 6.5% had 6-10 years of experience. This distribution suggests a significant number of experienced quantity surveyors in the study.
Table 4.7 presents the type of organizations where the respondents worked. The majority (67.6%) worked in construction companies, 23.1% in consultancy firms, and 9.3% in government agencies. This distribution indicates a representation of quantity surveyors across different sectors of the construction industry.
In Table 4.8, the membership in professional bodies is displayed. The most common professional body among the respondents was the African Association of Quantity Surveyors (AAQS), with 33.3% of respondents being members. The Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (RICS) and other bodies were also represented by 26.9% and 32.4% of respondents, respectively. Only 7.4% of respondents were members of the Nigerian Institute of Quantity Surveyors (NIQS). This distribution highlights the various professional affiliations of the quantity surveying professionals, indicating their engagement with different international and regional bodies.
The summary of findings from Tables 4.9 to 4.12 provides insights into the respondents’ level of awareness and understanding of sustainable construction practices and their perception of the impact of sustainability on project cost and schedule.
Table 4.9 reveals that 97.2% of the respondents agreed that they were familiar with sustainable construction principles and practices, while only 2.8% disagreed. This indicates a high level of awareness among quantity surveying professionals in Nigeria regarding sustainable construction practices.
In Table 4.10, 72.2% of the respondents agreed that they understood the concept of sustainable construction, while 22.2% disagreed, and 5.6% were uncertain. Although the majority had a good understanding, a significant percentage expressed uncertainty or disagreement, suggesting that there may be a need for further education and training in this area.
Table 4.11 shows that 83.3% of the respondents agreed that they had a high level of knowledge of sustainable construction materials and technologies, while 16.7% disagreed. This indicates that the majority of quantity surveyors feel confident in their knowledge of sustainable materials and technologies.
In Table 4.12, 71.3% of the respondents agreed that integrating sustainable practices in construction projects is essential for the future of the industry, while 22.2% disagreed, and 6.5% were uncertain. This shows a strong belief among the respondents in the importance of sustainability in the construction industry.
Overall, the findings from Tables 4.9 to 4.12 suggest that the majority of quantity surveying professionals in Nigeria are aware of sustainable construction principles and practices. However, there is a need for further education and training to enhance their understanding and knowledge of sustainability. The respondents recognize the significance of sustainable practices for the future of the construction industry, but some still have uncertainties or reservations. These findings underscore the importance of promoting sustainability education and awareness among quantity surveyors to enable them to play a more effective role in advancing sustainable construction practices in Nigeria.
The summary of findings from Tables 4.13 to 4.16 provides insights into the respondents’ level of involvement in sustainable construction projects, the integration of sustainability into their cost estimation and procurement processes, and their influence in shaping sustainable decisions during the project planning and design phase.
In Table 4.13, 88.0% of the respondents agreed that they were frequently involved in sustainable construction projects in their current role as quantity surveyors, while 4.6% were uncertain, and 7.4% disagreed. This indicates that a significant proportion of quantity surveyors are actively engaged in sustainable construction projects, reflecting their growing involvement in promoting sustainability within the industry.
Table 4.14 shows that 77.8% of the respondents agreed that sustainability considerations were fully integrated into their cost estimation and procurement processes, while 14.8% were uncertain, and 7.4% disagreed. This suggests that a substantial number of quantity surveyors are actively incorporating sustainability into their decision-making processes related to cost and procurement.
In Table 4.15, 79.6% of the respondents agreed that they had a significant influence in shaping sustainable decisions during the project planning and design phase, while 13.9% were uncertain, and 6.5% disagreed. This finding highlights the important role that quantity surveyors play in advocating for sustainable practices and influencing decisions at the early stages of construction projects.
Table 4.16 shows that 80.6% of the respondents agreed that sustainable practices had a positive impact on project cost and schedule, while 8.3% were uncertain, and 11.1% disagreed. This indicates that the majority of quantity surveyors perceive sustainability as a beneficial factor in managing project costs and schedules.
Overall, the findings from Tables 4.13 to 4.16 suggest that quantity surveying professionals in Nigeria are actively involved in sustainable construction projects and are integrating sustainability considerations into their decision-making processes. They perceive themselves to have a significant influence in shaping sustainable decisions during the project planning and design phase. Additionally, there is a widespread belief among the respondents that sustainable practices positively impact project costs and schedules. These findings demonstrate the potential of quantity surveyors to contribute significantly to sustainable construction practices in Nigeria and align with the broader goals of advancing environmental responsibility and social equity within the construction industry.
The summary of findings from Tables 4.17 to 4.20 provides insights into the challenges hindering the widespread adoption of sustainable construction practices in Nigeria and the level of support provided by professional organizations and regulatory bodies to quantity surveyors in integrating sustainability into their practice.
Table 4.17 reveals that the most significant challenge hindering the widespread adoption of sustainable construction practices is the lack of awareness and education, with 44.4% of the respondents identifying this as a major barrier. Other challenges include cost constraints (17.6%), limited government support (17.6%), resistance to change (6.5%), and lack of client demand (13.9%). These findings underscore the need for increased awareness and education initiatives to address the barriers hindering the adoption of sustainable practices in the construction industry.
In Table 4.18, 75.0% of the respondents agreed that they experience high collaboration with other stakeholders in promoting sustainability in construction projects, while 17.6% were uncertain, and 7.4% disagreed. This suggests that there is a positive trend of collaboration among quantity surveyors and other stakeholders in advocating for sustainable construction practices.
Table 4.19 shows that 70.4% of the respondents agreed that professional organizations and regulatory bodies provide strong support to quantity surveyors in integrating sustainability into their practice, while 17.6% were uncertain, and 12.0% disagreed. This indicates that there is a general perception of support from professional bodies in promoting sustainability among quantity surveyors.
Lastly, in Table 4.20, 84.3% of the respondents agreed that sustainability should be a mandatory consideration in all construction projects in Nigeria, while 9.3% were uncertain, and 6.5% disagreed. This finding highlights the strong belief among quantity surveyors that sustainability should be a fundamental consideration in all construction endeavours.
Overall, the findings from Tables 4.17 to 4.20 suggest that the lack of awareness and education is a significant barrier to the widespread adoption of sustainable construction practices in Nigeria. However, there is a positive trend of collaboration among quantity surveyors and other stakeholders in promoting sustainability, and there is a general perception of support from professional organizations and regulatory bodies. Additionally, the majority of quantity surveyors believe that sustainability should be mandatory in all construction projects, emphasizing the importance they place on integrating sustainability into the industry’s practices. These findings provide valuable insights into the current state of sustainable construction in Nigeria and highlight the opportunities and challenges faced by quantity surveyors in advancing sustainability within the construction industry.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the results of the hypotheses tested in this study shed light on the level of awareness and understanding of sustainable construction practices among quantity surveying professionals in Nigeria, the current roles and responsibilities of quantity surveyors in integrating sustainability considerations throughout the construction lifecycle, and the potential barriers hindering their effective contribution to the development of a sustainable construction industry.
Firstly, the findings from Table 4.21 indicate that quantity surveying professionals in Nigeria have a moderate level of awareness and understanding of sustainable construction practices. This is evidenced by 97.2% of the respondents agreeing that they are familiar with sustainable construction principles and practices. Additionally, 72.2% of the respondents agreed with understanding the concept of sustainable construction. These results demonstrate that quantity surveyors in Nigeria possess a considerable level of knowledge and awareness of sustainable construction, which is crucial for advancing sustainability within the industry.
Secondly, Table 4.22 reveals that quantity surveyors’ current roles and responsibilities involve a significant level of integration of sustainability considerations throughout the construction lifecycle. With a mean score of 96.75, it is evident that quantity surveyors are actively engaged in promoting sustainability in various stages of construction projects. This finding indicates that quantity surveyors are playing an important role in driving sustainability initiatives and advocating for environmentally responsible practices within the construction industry.
Lastly, Table 4.23 indicates that there are no significant barriers hindering quantity surveyors from contributing effectively to the development of a sustainable construction industry in Nigeria. With a mean score of 93.25, the respondents’ overall perception suggests that potential barriers are not substantial impediments to their active involvement in sustainable construction practices. This result highlights the willingness of quantity surveyors to overcome challenges and embrace opportunities to contribute effectively to sustainable development within the Nigerian construction industry.
Overall, the results of the hypotheses tested provide a positive outlook for the involvement of quantity surveying professionals in promoting sustainability within the construction sector in Nigeria. Their considerable awareness, active integration of sustainable practices, and willingness to overcome barriers demonstrate their capacity to play a key role in advancing sustainable construction practices. These findings underscore the significance of quantity surveyors’ involvement in sustainable development efforts and emphasize the importance of nurturing their role as advocates for environmental responsibility, social equity, and economic viability in construction projects.
Recommendations
Based on the findings of this study, the following recommendations are proposed:
- Strengthening Awareness and Training: The study reveals a moderate level of awareness and understanding of sustainable construction practices among quantity surveying professionals in Nigeria. To further enhance their knowledge and competency in sustainable construction, it is recommended that professional bodies and academic institutions develop and implement targeted training programs. These programs should focus on providing comprehensive knowledge of sustainable construction principles, technologies, and best practices. Continuous professional development initiatives can play a pivotal role in ensuring quantity surveyors stay updated with the latest advancements in sustainability within the construction industry.
- Integration of Sustainability in Educational Curricula: Considering the positive role played by quantity surveyors in integrating sustainability into construction projects, it is crucial for educational institutions to incorporate sustainability-related topics into their curricula. By including sustainable construction principles and practices in quantity surveying courses, future professionals will be better equipped to promote sustainability throughout the construction lifecycle. This integration will foster a culture of environmental responsibility among the next generation of quantity surveyors.
- Strengthening Stakeholder Collaboration: The study highlights that quantity surveyors frequently collaborate with other stakeholders in promoting sustainability in construction projects. To further leverage this collaboration, it is recommended that industry stakeholders, including clients, contractors, and regulatory bodies, work together to establish clear and unified sustainability standards and guidelines. Encouraging collective efforts will create a more cohesive and streamlined approach to sustainable construction, ensuring that all stakeholders actively contribute to environmental, social, and economic goals.
- Advocacy for Sustainable Procurement: Given the positive impact of sustainable practices on project cost and schedule, quantity surveyors should advocate for sustainable procurement practices. By prioritizing the selection of eco-friendly and socially responsible materials and suppliers, quantity surveyors can influence procurement decisions that align with sustainability objectives. Collaborating with project owners and clients in adopting sustainable procurement policies will further promote the use of environmentally friendly materials and technologies.
- Regular Research and Empirical Studies: While the study provides valuable insights into quantity surveyors’ contributions to sustainable construction, it also highlights areas where empirical research is lacking. Therefore, it is recommended that future researchers and scholars conduct further studies to explore these gaps. In-depth research on specific barriers, opportunities, and challenges faced by quantity surveyors in implementing sustainable practices will enrich the body of knowledge on sustainability in the construction industry. Regular research updates will ensure that policies and practices continue to evolve, fostering a more sustainable construction sector in Nigeria.
Contribution to Knowledge
This study significantly contributes to knowledge in several ways. First and foremost, it sheds light on the level of awareness and understanding of sustainable construction practices among quantity surveying professionals in Nigeria. The findings reveal that while a moderate level of awareness exists, there is still room for improvement. This insight is essential for policymakers, professional bodies, and academic institutions to design targeted training programs and initiatives to enhance quantity surveyors’ knowledge and competencies in sustainable construction.
Secondly, this research adds to the existing body of knowledge on the current roles and responsibilities of quantity surveyors in integrating sustainability considerations throughout the construction lifecycle. By providing empirical evidence, the study showcases the pivotal role that quantity surveyors play in promoting sustainability within the industry. This insight can inform construction project stakeholders about the importance of involving quantity surveyors in sustainable decision-making processes and integrating their expertise throughout the project lifecycle.
Furthermore, this study contributes to understanding the potential barriers and opportunities for quantity surveyors to contribute effectively to the development of a sustainable construction industry in Nigeria. Identifying and addressing these barriers can help stakeholders in the construction industry create a more enabling environment for quantity surveyors to play a more significant role in advancing sustainability goals. By recognizing the opportunities, construction industry stakeholders can leverage the expertise of quantity surveyors to drive sustainable practices and align projects with environmental, social, and economic objectives. Overall, the study’s contribution to knowledge offers valuable insights that can inform strategies for promoting sustainable construction practices in Nigeria and beyond.
References
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