Construction of Reinforced Concrete Seat
CHAPTER ONE
AIM AND OBJECTIVE
This project has the purpose of expanding the knowledge and skill involve in construction and also to acquire knowledge at the construction of concrete seat (reinforced).
The aim of this project also focus on creating a place of relaxation in Federal Polytechnic Nekede. This project will also enable the student to be self reliance even when they are out at school.
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
CONCRETE
Concrete is being defined by Wikipedia as a composite material composed mainly of water, aggregate and cement often additives and reinforcement are included in the mixture to achieve the desired physical properties of finished material.
Salvador and Levi (1981) defined reinforced concrete as concrete combined with still rod to create new material that are the advantages of the tensile strength of steel and the compressive strength of concrete.
According to Mosley and Bungey (1990), concrete is defined as a strong durable material that can be formed into many varied shape and size, ranging from a simple rectangular column, to blender curved dome or shell, its utility and versatility is achieved in combining the best feature of concrete and steel. Thus when they are combined the steel is able to provide the tensile strength and probably some of the shear strength wile the concrete is strong in compression, protects the best to give durability and fire resistance.
Suez (2005) defined concrete as basically a mixture of two components
- Paste
- Aggregate
The past, usually comprises of Portland cement and water, binds the aggregate (sand and gravel or crushed stone) into a rocklike mass as the paste hardness because of the cement and water.
A very wet concrete mixture can be molded in the sense that it can be cast in mould.
In good concrete all grains of sand and pieces of gravel or stone are encased and held in suspension.
The ingredients are not able to segregate during transportation.
When the concrete hardens, it becomes a homogenous mixture of all the components.
BADEA and IURES (2007).
Define Concrete as an artificial stone which is obtain after hardening the homogenous mixtures of cement, water, aggregate and/or additive (to modify the fresh and hardened concrete properly). The concrete composition must be established in order to assure the resistance and durability of building element, by using less cement dosage.
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
- ECONOMICAL: Concrete is the most inexpensive and the most readily available material. The cost of production of concrete is low compared with other engineered construction material. Three major components: water, aggregate and cement comparing with steel, plastic and polymer, they are the most inexpensive materials and available in every corner of the world. This enables concrete to be locally produced anywhere in the world, thus avoiding the transportation costs necessary for most other materials.
CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY
MATERIALS AND TOOLS USED
Aggregate (fine and coarse)
Cement
Water
Timber
Shovel
Saw blade
Nail
Hammer
Measuring tape
PROCEDURE
Some steps were taken during the construction of the seat. They include:
The aggregate was washed and dried before it was used in order to remove any impurity such as clay particles and salt etc that may affect the strength and durability of the concrete.
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
CONCLUSION
Construction of the reinforced concrete seat is an opportunity to increase the knowledge and skill of all the student involve in the construction.
The construction turned out to be a less stressful project.
The factor that tend to contribute to the minimal stress encountered was the fact that finance were needed to collect the material for the project, which all the project group complied. Also much research was made in the library and the internet which the work more smoothly.
RECOMMENDATION
Studying the construction of concrete seat as a branch of course in civil engineering department, I recommend the following to the school Federal Polytechnic Nekede.
- That the school should provide some material and tools even machines that will be used during the practical and project execution. Examples: concrete mixer, hand saw shovel, aggregates etc which will be use by student to enable a smooth and easy work and also to help the student know how to use some machines involve in construction.
- That project work like this should be given to student when the time for project comes.
- That student should perform practical involve in the practical to acquire knowledge and skill in any project given e. g wood work etc.
REFERENCE
- Encyclopedia Britannica (2010) Victor E. Saouma (2014),
- Structural Engineering, Analysis and Design. University of Colorado, Boulder.
- Frederic Rings (1910), Reinforced Concrete (theory and
- practical). Batsford.
- Richard Bergman (2010) Wood as an Engineering Material
- forest production laboratory.
- Noble Twelvetrees (1992), Concrete and Reinforced
- Concrete. I Pitman.
- Burg Ronald G. (1996), The Influence of Casting and
- Curing Temperature on the Properties of Fresh and
- Hardened Concrete. Portland cement association.
- Chris Hendrickson (1989), Project Management for
- Construction. Tung Au-prentice hall.