Advertisements

Health Information Management Project Topics

Comparison of Analog and Digital Blood Pressure Results Among Military Officers. A Case Study of Nigerian Airforce Base Makurdi

Comparison of Analog and Digital Blood Pressure Results Among Military Officers. A Case Study of Nigerian Airforce Base Makurdi

Advertisements

Comparison of Analog and Digital Blood Pressure Results Among Military Officers. A Case Study of Nigerian Airforce Base Makurdi

CHAPTER ONE

ย AIMSย ANDย OBJECTIVES

  1. To compare Analog And Digital Blood Pressure measurement in the adult population with reference to mercury sphygmomanometry

Secondaryย objectives:

  1. To identify anyย disparityย inย measurementย byย aย particular instrument withย respectย toย theย complete rangeย ofย bothย systolicย andย diastolicย values
  2. To identify anyย disparityย inย measurementย byย a particular instrument withย respect toย age (Geriatricย population)

CHAPTER TWO

REVIEWย OFย LITERATURE

Epidemiologyย andย currentย trendsย inย hypertension

Blood pressure is a normally distributed biological variable with values at the high end being termed as hypertension. Many decades ago, Geoffrey Rose realistically defined hypertension as that level of blood pressure for which investigations and management were more beneficial than harmful for the patient. Now, most national and international guidelines, barring the recent AHA 2017 hypertension guideline, choose the cut-off of 140 / 90mmHg (systolic and diastolic respectively) as the threshold to define hypertension. Hypertension is a leading factor for both disability and death including heart failure,ย stroke, chronic kidney disease, atherosclerosis and death from cardiovascular causes. Forย a period of 15 years from 1990, the estimated annual death rate associated with an SBP ofย 140mmHg or more increased from 97.9 to 106.3 per 1 lakh population and the number ofย disability related life years increased from 5.2 million to 7.8 million [8]ย A more alarmingย finding is that the prevalence of hypertension seems to be increasing in the developedย population possibly owing to the multitude of lifestyle changes such as the excess intakeย of salt, calories and alcohol. As a result, an estimated 560 million extra people will beย affectedย with hypertension betweenย 2000ย andย 2025 [9]

Multiple lifestyle factors have been associated with an increased risk of hypertension and also an increased risk of severity of hypertension. These include high sodium intake, excess alcohol intake [10] weight gain and obesity, and the use of NSAIDs and decongestants. There has also been a genetic predisposition that is mostly likely polygenic. Overall, the prevalence of hypertension is higher in people of African origin than in those of European origin although this relation is confounded by socioeconomic status, which in turn is largely explained by differences in body-mass index.

In addition hypertension that manifests for the first time during pregnancy as the spectrum of pre eclampsia/eclampsia syndromes are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events and sustained hypertension in the future.

Componentsย ofย bloodย pressure

Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) are the components of blood pressure. Rises in both the systolic and diastolic components of blood pressure have been attributed to an increased cardiovascular disease risk. Systolic blood pressures have a slightly higher risk comparatively especially when compared in the elderly population. Blood pressure measurements also involve other components which are generally derived from SBP and DBP. These include mid blood pressure, pulse pressure and mean arterial pressure. Mid blood pressure and mean arterial pressure help to estimate the overall blood pressure control over one cardiac cycle. Mean arterial pressure is commonly used as a target in lowering blood pressure in patients with hypertensive urgencies/emergencies. Mean arterial pressure is measured as the DBP + โ…“ Pulse pressure. Pulse pressure is measured as the difference between the systolic and diastolic blood pressure. It is considered to be a measure of pulsatile hemodynamic stress and a markerย of arterialย stiffness.

 

CHAPTER THREE

MATERIALSย ANDย METHODS

Studyย Centre:

Nigerian Airforce Base Makurdi, Benue state.

Ethicalย Committeeย approval: Obtained

Studyย duration: Six months

Studyย design: Validationย study

Advertisements

Sampleย size: 500ย patients

CHAPTER FOUR

RESULTS

Frequencyย Table

CHAPTER FIVE

CONCLUSION

This study showed that the aneroid sphygmomanometer was the better device for replacement of mercury sphygmomanometers in health care, especially in patients who are in shock. For patients who are hemodynamically stable, the automated oscillometric device may still be used owing to its convenience but with caution due to its inter- manufacturer formulae variation and other pitfalls. Irrespective of the replacement device, periodic validation and calibration are mandatory to ensure proper functioning of these devices.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

  • Perloff D, Grim C, Flack J, Frohlich ED, Hill M, McDonald M. Human bloodpressure determination by sphygmomanometry. Circulation. 1993 Nov. 88(5 Ptย 1):2460-70
  • MohanVย (2014, Sepย 26).ย Mercuryย banย inย Indiaย withinย 6ย toย 10ย  Theย Times ofย India.ย Retrieved fromย https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com
  • KrauseT,ย Lovibondย K, Caulfieldย M,ย McCormackย T, Williamsย  Managementย ofย hypertension:ย summaryย ofย NICEย guidance.ย BMJย 2011;343:d4891.
  • Mancia G, Fagard R, Narkiewicz K, et al, and the Task Force Members. 2013ESH/ESC guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: the Task Forceย for the Management of Arterial Hypertension of the European Society ofย Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heartย Jย 2013;34:ย 2159โ€“219.
  • James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, et al. 2014 evidence-based guideline for themanagement of high blood pressure in adults: report from the panel membersย appointedย toย theย Eighth Jointย Nationalย Committeeย (JNCย 8).ย JAMAย 2014;ย 311:ย 507โ€“20.
  • Forouzanfar MH, Liu P, Roth GA, et al. Global burden of hypertension andsystolicย bloodย pressure of atย leastย 110ย toย 115 mmย Hg,ย 1990-2015. JAMAย 2017;ย 317:165-82.
  • Kearney PM, Whelton M, Reynolds K, Muntner P, Whelton PK, He J. Globalburdenย ofย hypertension:ย analysisย ofย worldwideย ย Lancetย 2005;ย 365:ย 217โ€“23.
  • Klatsky AL, Friedman GD, Siegelaub AB, Gรฉrard MJ. Alcohol consumption andblood pressure: Kaiser-Permanente Multiphasic Health Examination data. N Englย Jย Med 1977;ย 296:ย 1194-200.

Advertisements

WeCreativez WhatsApp Support
Our customer support team is here to answer your questions. Ask us anything!