Chronicle and Consequences of Insurgency in Kaduna State Nigeria
CHAPTER ONE
Objective of the study
The main objective of the study is to find out the chronicle and consequences of insurgency in Kaduna state, Nigeria. The specific objectives are;
- To find out the causes of insurgency in Kaduna State
- To find out the relationship between governance and management of security challenges in Kaduna state
- To find out the effect of insurgency on socioeconomic of Kaduna state
- To find out the consequences of insurgency in Kaduna state
CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Conceptual framework
Insurgency
According to Tukur (2015), Insurgency “is a means of expressing a long and deeper exclusion and marginalization, people react over social and environmental harms imposed by the people or government”. This reaction comes in many forms among which include rebellion and insurgency. The word insurgent refers to “any rebel group that are involved in any sort of violent with the intention of taking over a territory from the government to establish another but separates one, usually, the government in power in response also fights back to make sure that it protects its entity, the lives and property of its citizens, in addition to political and socio-economic interests of the state (Roberts & Timothy, 2009).” The economy in the northeastern Nigeria has been affected grossly due to the unnecessary attacks and killings of innocent lives in the region, consequently, on 14th of May 2013, former President Goodluck Jonathan declared a state of emergency in Yobe State along with some neighboring state, which include Borno and Adamawa State, due to the activities of the terrorist network group (MNCH2, 2018).
Over the years and since 2009, there have been a series of both coordinated and other attacks by the insurgents on the Nigerian authorities, especially security agencies, churches and mosques, private properties, markets, public buildings, as well as the public which claimed tens of thousands of lives of many people and properties worth billions of Naira in BAY states- Borno, Adamawa and Yobe states. Such ill-gotten activities have directly and indirectly affected the Socio-economic development of the Nigerian states especially the BAY states that appeared to be worst hit by insurgency. In the recent years, the crises caused by the insurgency has brought not only violence among the people but also heightened the mutual suspicion, hostilities, and ethno religious tension, which the Nigerian state is already embroiled in (Alanamu, 2005 &Ajayi, 2011)
It is observed that activities of the insurgents have affected and crippled the socioeconomic activities of the places they spread their tentacles, such greatly led to the massive fleet of people from their places of abodes to other relatively safer destinations as internally displaced or as refugees (Ajayi, 2011). Due to persistence of insurgency countless number of people have fled to neighboring states or southern parts of the country for safety and livelihood (Ali et al., 2018). As gathered from NEMA, (2014), Nigeria accounts for about 13% of Africa‟s internally displaced persons (IDPs) due to 3 conflict as at January 2011. Between October 2010 and October2011, NEMA gave an account for a total of 3,777,01 internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Nigeria. As at 2013 alone, 470,500 persons were displaced in Nigeria and that was the third highest in ranking globally during that period. Report by NEMA, (2014), revealed that, north east region is the region with the highest number of internally displaced persons (IDPs) rising to 11,360 in the first quarter of 2012. In a related view Badiora, (2017) & Cauldewood (2014), mourned that all IDPs are living in a precarious condition not only in Nigeria society but in other parts of the World where there are crises.
CHAPTER THREE
Research methodology
Research Design
The research design adopted in this research work is the survey research design which involves the usage of self-designed questionnaire in the collection of data. Under the survey research design, primary data of this study will be collected from selected residents in Kaduna South Local government of Kaduna State in order to determine chronicle and consequences of insurgency in Kaduna State, Nigeria. The design was chosen because it enables the researcher to collect data without manipulation of any variables of interest in the study. The design also provides opportunity for equal chance of participation in the study for respondents.
Population of Study
The population of study is the census of all items or a subject that possess the characteristics or that have the knowledge of the phenomenon that is being studied (Asiaka, 1991). It also means the aggregate people from which the sample is to be drawn.
Population is sometimes referred to as the universe. The population of this research study will be Seventy-five (75) selected residents of Kaduna South Local Government Area of Kaduna State
Sample Size and Sampling Techniques
The researcher made use of stratified sampling technique because all the members have the same probability of occurrence. The researcher narrowed down the samples to selected residents in Kaduna South Local government of Kaduna State in order to determine chronicle and consequences of insurgency in Kaduna State, Nigeria.
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION
This chapter is about the analysis and presentation of data collected from the field through questionnaire. The analysis of the data with particular question immediately followed by the presentation of findings. As mentioned in chapter three, 63 questionnaires were administered and 50 were retrieved and necessary analysis was carried out on them.
Decision rule: we reject the null hypothesis if the calculated value is greater than the table value and accept the null hypothesis if the table is greater than the calculated value.
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Introduction
It is important to ascertain that the objective of this study was to ascertain chronicle and consequences of insurgency in Kaduna state Nigeria. In the preceding chapter, the relevant data collected for this study were presented, critically analyzed and appropriate interpretation given. In this chapter, certain recommendations made which in the opinion of the researcher will be of benefits in addressing the challenges of chronicle and consequences of insurgency in Kaduna state Nigeria.
Summary
This study was on chronicle and consequences of insurgency in Kaduna state Nigeria. Four objectives were raised which included: To find out the causes of insurgency in Kaduna State, to find out the relationship between governance and management of security challenges in Kaduna state, to find out the effect of insurgency on socioeconomic of Kaduna state and to find out the consequences of insurgency in Kaduna state. The total population for the study is 75 selected residents in Kaduna South local government of Kaduna state. The researcher used questionnaires as the instrument for the data collection. Descriptive Survey research design was adopted for this study. The data collected were presented in tables and analyzed using simple percentages and frequencies
Conclusion
Insurgency is a bane to successful growth and development in every society and constitutes threat to lives and properties, hinders economic activities, and discourages all sorts of investments and consequently stifles and retards socio-economic and political development of a country. Age long domestic insurgency in the northeast and particularly Kaduna state has caused serious downtrodden consequences on lives and properties. The activities of the insurgency have wrecked serious humanitarian crises in the region, innumerable numbers of people were displaced, markets and shops were razed down, schools were shut down and education process halted, infrastructures were destroyed leaving the state in a seeming perpetual backwardness.
Recommendation
- The elimination of the threats by insurgency should be the number one goal of government which will be through proactive approach in dealing with security issues and threats using modern methods of intelligence gathering, and intelligence sharing, training, logistics, motivation, and deploying advanced technology in managing security challenges.
- The Kaduna state government should accelerate the pace of development. Development in this context consists of creating an economy with relevant social, economic and physical infrastructure for growth and development, to provide gainful employment for the teeming youths, high level of educational facilities, and to boost agriculture.
- Kaduna state government should ensure that rising poverty indices are addressed and a realistic social and economic security programme is pursued and systematically implemented to ensure that those that got their businesses affected will recover in good time.
- Government and other stakeholders should sensitize the general public on value reorientation as regards social cohesion so that there will be peace devoid of mistrust between the displaced persons and the host communities so as to improve social relationship.
- Government should strictly address food insecurity challenges through embarking on laudable agricultural initiatives.
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