Causes and Effects of Child Trafficking in Nnewi North Local Government of Anambra State
Chapter One
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The objectives of the study are;
- To enumerate the various types of child trafficking in Nigeria especially in Nnewi Local Government in Anambra State.
- To examine the effects of child trafficking in Anambra State particularly Nnewi Local Government Area
- To examine the causes of child trafficking in Nnewi
- To proffer solution to the effects and causes of child trafficking
CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
PULL FACTOR
Under this heading, unlike the push factor where children are pushed out of their homes to another destination in search of better condition of life as a result of poverty, unemployment, peer pressure among others, pull factor involves a situation where children are on their own attracted to leave their homes to a destination with less-extreme poverty. This may be due to the need for low skilled labour, high profit, law risk etc. In that context, the rapid expansion of broadcast and telecommunication media, including the Internet, across the developing world may have increased the desire to migrate to developed countries and, with it, the vulnerability of would-be migrants to traffickers. The push factors are those conditions conducive for trafficking of children which fall in the broader context.
CAUSES OF CHILD TAFFICKING IN NIGERIA
The factors that facilitate child trafficking in Nigeria are extremely complex and inter-connected but can be divided into two, namely: the push and the pull factors. The push factors are those conditions conducive for trafficking of children which fall in the broader context. It usually drives people to leave a region in search for better life somewhere else. The factors include but not limited to bad economic condition such as poverty; unemployment; broken homes; family size; greed; peer pressure; mental disorder or imbalance; weak legal frame work; insecurity; restrictive immigration policies and law enforcement mechanisms are also contributors
Poverty
Poverty is a major factor responsible for child trafficking in Nigeria. It cannot be denied that abject poverty, unpleasant economic environment, unemployment, massive retrenchments, under employment and poor quality of life has made parents who would otherwise, have been most caring and loving, to neglect and even some times, abuse their children. Some families are living from hand to mouth as a result of insufficient income to cater for their families. They are out of job or business either as a result of retirement or insufficiency of the income to settle the children school fees, rents and feeding. That is a perfect situation of parents and children to fall victim of bogus promises of a good time abroad with the prospect of earning foreign exchange that will convert into tons of naira (Nigerian currency) back home in Nigeria. Although Nigeria has enormous natural and human resources as well as the largest oil producer in Africa and the eleventh largest in the world, it is rated as one of the poorest countries in the world with a GDP per capita of about US $1,000 for a population of about 150 Million. With about two-third of its population living in rural areas without basic social amenities such as electricity, road, hospital, schools, good drinking water etc and earning less than $1 per day. There is massive youth unemployment and a general lack of opportunities for economic ventures, low standards of living and devalued local currencies; these results in the failure to meet the health, food, housing and security needs of the people. It has been observed that population living in political and economic instability often seek to migrate elsewhere in search of better opportunities. The destination of that migration is usually into bigger cities. The rural areas of Nigeria, where the bulk of the population resides, are not industrialized and characterized with lack of electricity, access road, hospitals and insecurity caused by Boko haram Islamic sect among others. There are few job opportunities or institutions of higher learning. Consequently, even when the children do receive some education up to secondary school, there are no jobs at the end of their schooling nor additional institutions for them to attend. The economic situation is such that most parents are unable to care and properly feed their families. Parents subject their children to various forms of labour, including trafficking for economic gains.30 It is also submitted that, poverty has a hand in child prostitution and sexual abuse. In Nigeria31 it can’t be denied that some female children that are engaged in child labour such as hawking, domestic servant are sexually abused. The women unit of the Federal Ministry of Education portrayed the situation, thus, a report in the magazine ‘Ladies Home Journal’ estimates that sexual abuse of young girls is four times commoner than rape of adult women. The abuser is likely to persuade and pressurize the child, using all built-in authority of an older person. Children who hawk wares for their parents fall easy victims. They are coerced or bought with gifts. They are thereby prevented from telling their parents or even close friends about the incident. When parents are financially incapacitated to provide the basic necessities of life such as a comfortable house, food, clothes and sound education for their children, the children are sent into the labour market.
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research design
The researcher used descriptive research survey design in building up this project work the choice of this research design was considered appropriate because of its advantages of identifying attributes of a large population from a group of individuals. The design was suitable for the study as the study sought to causes and effect of child trafficking
Sources of data collection
Data were collected from two main sources namely:
(i)Primary source and
(ii)Secondary source
Primary source:
These are materials of statistical investigation which were collected by the research for a particular purpose. They can be obtained through a survey, observation questionnaire or as experiment; the researcher has adopted the questionnaire method for this study.
Secondary source:
These are data from textbook Journal handset etc. they arise as byproducts of the same other purposes. Example administration, various other unpublished works and write ups were also used.
Population of the study
Population of a study is a group of persons or aggregate items, things the researcher is interested in getting information on causes and effect of child trafficking in Nnewi local government of Anambra state. 200 residents in Nne wi local government of Anambra state was selected randomly by the researcher as the population of the study.
CHAPTER FOUR
PRESENTATION ANALYSIS INTERPRETATION OF DATA
Introduction
DATA ANALYSIS
The data collected from the respondents were analyzed in tabular form with simple percentage for easy understanding.
A total of 133(one hundred and thirty three) questionnaires were distributed and 133 questionnaires were returned.
Question 1
Gender distribution of the respondents.
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Introduction
It is important to ascertain that the objective of this study was to ascertain causes and effect of child trafficking
In the preceding chapter, the relevant data collected for this study were presented, critically analyzed and appropriate interpretation given. In this chapter, certain recommendations made which in the opinion of the researcher will be of benefits in addressing the challenges of causes and effect of child trafficking
Summary
This study was on causes and effect of child trafficking in Nnewi local government of Anambra state. Four objectives were raised which included: To enumerate the various types of child trafficking in Nigeria especially in Nnewi Local Government in Anambra State. To examine the effects of child trafficking in Anambra State particularly Nnewi Local Government Area, to examine the causes of child trafficking in Nnewi, to proffer solution to the effects and causes of child trafficking. The total population for the study is 200 residents of Nnewi local government of Anambra state. The researcher used questionnaires as the instrument for the data collection. Descriptive Survey research design was adopted for this study. A total of 133 respondents made up civil servants, youths, married men and married women was used for the study. The data collected were presented in tables and analyzed using simple percentages and frequencies
Conclusion
Child trafficking has been identified as both a crime and disease which have eaten deep into the fabric of the Nigeria society with diverse consequences both on the victim and the society at large. This is despite numerous institutional and policies frame work put in place by the Nigerian government to fight the menace. The paper was able to identify that the growing rate of child tracking in Nigeria is basically not because government is lacking in its responsibilities in addressing the menace, but that these efforts were only restricted towards prosecution and rehabilitation of trafficked victims thereby neglecting to address the root causes of child trafficking. In order to effectively fight the menace of child trafficking in Nigeria, the government most extend measures put in place to fight child trafficking beyond prosecution of traffickers and rehabilitation of trafficked victims to include a concrete and practical steps toward napping the root causes of child traffics from the bud.
Recommendation
Government should declare a death penalty to anybody found trafficking. They should also make education free and compulsory
REFERENCES
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- Yen- Ovice, Men. A new approach to eradicating sex trafficking by reducing male demand through educational programme and abolitionist legislation, Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology. 2008, 98(2)
- Hon. Justice HN. Donli, Socio-Legal Consequences of Child Abuse in Women and Children under Nigerian Law, at 135-136.
