Availability of Teaching Aids in the Teaching of Business Studies in Junior Secondary Schools in Ogba/egbema/ndoni Local Government Area of Rivers State

Availability of Teaching Aids in the Teaching of Business Studies in Junior Secondary Schools in Ogba/egbema/ndoni Local Government Area of Rivers State

CHAPTER ONE

Objective of Study

The major purpose of this study is to assess the utilization of instructional materials in teaching and learning of business studies subject in secondary schools in Rivers state. Specifically, the study seeks to assess the:

1. Extent of availability of instructional materials utilization in teaching and learning of business studies subject.
2. Extent of teachers utilization of instructional materials in teaching and learning of business studies subject.
3. Challenges to teachers utilization of instructional materials in teaching and learning of business studies subject.
4. Strategies for enhancing teacher utilization of the instructional materials in teaching and learning of business studies subject.

CHAPTER TWO

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Conceptual Framework Assessment

Assessment is the process of determining the worth, weakness and effectiveness of a programme or material. Hence assessment of instructional materials in teaching and learning  of business studies subjects becomes imperceptive for effective teaching and learning. Business studies involve the application of scientific knowledge in the design, selection of materials, construction, operation and maintenance of equipment.  Business  education facilities are machines, equipment and tools that the business studies teachers uses to illustrate, emphasis and explain his or her lesson.

Business studies facilities are essential concrete features that  enable  business  teacher  teach effectively in the lab and classrooms. The availability of appropriate business materials enhances student learning by allowing them to be involved in demonstration, drill  and practice to build their skills.

According to Okoro (2005) assessment and evaluation are usually carried out in two ways: through the recommendation of teacher and through standards prescribed by government, examination bodies etc. teacher know when instructional materials required for their course are inadequate. They know the extent of the deficiency and could say what must  be provided if their teaching is to be effectively carried out.  The  government  and examination bodies may also recommend certain levels of  instructional  materials  for effective teaching of various subjects, such prescribed standard can be the basis  for assessment. Where the standard is not available the teacher and the instructors can  give reliable information on the utilization of the materials. However, the teacher  information as per the utilization of materials may be more reliable because they are directly involved in the utilization of the materials. To optimize the performance  under  the  best  condition, instruction and teaching are expected to be adequately and sufficiently provided with relevant instructional materials, where these materials are not functional, effective teaching  and learning of business studies subject cannot be proficiently carried out.  The utilization  of instructional materials in teaching and learning of business studies subject plays a very important role in making the teaching and learning of the subject more effective.  The  adequate and proper utilization of instructional materials  improve  the  performance  and output of the schools.

In other for the graduates of business studies to be gainfully employed either by self-employed or employment by the industries, instructional materials in teaching and learning of these trades need to be adequately assessed and utilized for the attainment of educational objective of being gainfully employed and self-reliance by its graduates.

Teaching and Learning

Teaching is the process where an expert, a more experienced person with more knowledge and skill assists a less experience or knowledgeable individual to gain knowledge and experience, Onwuka (2005) viewed teaching as a process of  making  impression  on passive students, hammering in the facts. The preoccupation of teachers involved in  this method is to hand over to the students whatever the teachers themselves received from others. This conception of teaching was based on the misconception that the students’ heads were empty and blank. The teacher’s role then was to fill the empty heads with facts irrespective of whether they are relevant, understood by the students. It is an attempt to bring about desirable changes in the learner’s behavior and it reflects the expected  behaviour needed  in  improving on the learner and the society where he lives.

For the fact that business studies subject are more of practical than theoretical, they should be taught practically. The Comparative Education Study and Adaptation Centre,  CESAC (2009) committee on business studies  gave  a  very serious consideration to  the use of materials and equipment for teaching and learning of the subjects.

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CHAPTER THREE

METHODOLOGY

This chapter describes the methodology employed in carrying out this study. They are presented under: the design of the study, area of the study, population for the study, sample and sampling technique, instrument for data collection, validation of the instrument, reliability of the instrument, method of data collection and method of data analysis.

Design of the Study

This study adopts descriptive survey research design. Survey design, according to (Osuala, 2001), focuses on people, their opinions, attitudes, motivation and behaviors. Osuala further stated that descriptive survey identifies the present conditions, prevailing needs as well as provides information on which to base sound decision. This design is considered appropriate because it will help the researcher to gather information on assessment of  utilization of instructional materials in teaching and learning of business  education  subject from a sample of the population of the study considered to be significant representative of the population.

Population for the Study

The population for this study was all the teachers in the public secondary schools in Ogba egbema ndoni local government area where business studies subject was taught. This totals to 189 business studies subject teachers comprising male 54 and female 135 teachers.

Sample and Sampling Techniques 

A sample of 144 respondents was drawn from the population of 189 business studies teachers in Ogba egbema ndoni local government area.

Instrument for Data Collection

A structured questionnaire titled: Business studies Instructional  Materials  Utilization Assessment Questionnaire, (BEIMUAQ) was use for data collection.  The instrument were sub-divided into 5 sections (A – E), part  A contain demographic variable of the respondent, while section B to E solicited information on the assessment of utilization of instructional materials in teaching and learning business studies subject.  Section  B addressed research question one and focused on extent of  availability  of  instructional materials utilization in teaching and learning of business studies subject. This section  covered item numbers 1 – 14, section C concentrated on extent of teachers’ utilization of instructional materials and addressed research question two. This section covered items numbers 15 – 28. Section D based on challenges facing teachers’ utilization of instructional materials and addressed research question three. This covered items number 29 – 37. Finally section E focused on strategies for enhancing teachers’ utilization of  instructional  materials and addressed research question four. This section covered items number 38 – 46.

CHAPTER FOUR

PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA

This chapter presents the analysis of data for the study. The presentation and analysis is organized in tables according to the research questions and hypotheses formulated for the study.

Research Question 1 

What are the extent of availability of instructional materials utilization in teaching and learning of business studies subject in secondary schools in Ogba Egbema ndoni local government area?

CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary of Major Findings

1. It was found that the respondents’ responses on the extent of availability of instructional materials utilization in teaching and  learning  business  education subject in secondary school were
2. The finding on extent of teachers’ utilization of instructional material in teaching and learning of business studies subject in secondary school were
3. The challenges facing teachers’ utilization of instructional material in teaching and learning of business studies subject in secondary school were agreed
4. The finding revealed that the strategies for enhancing teachers’ utilization of instructional material in teaching and learning of business studies subject in secondary school in Ogba egbema ndoni local government area were
5. There was no significant difference between the mean score assessment of male and female business studies teacher on some extent of availability of instructional material utilization in teaching and learning of business studies subject in secondary school in Ogba egbema ndoni local government area based on availability
6. There was no significant difference between the mean score assessment of male and female business studies teacher on some extent of teachers’ utilization of instructional materials in teaching and learning of business studies subject in secondary school in Ogba egbema ndoni local government area with respect to
7. There was no significant difference between the mean score assessment of male and female business studies teacher on some challenges facing teachers utilization of instructional materials in teaching and learning of business studies subject in secondary school in Ogba egbema ndoni local government area based on
8. There was no significant difference between the mean score assessment of male and female business studies teachers on some strategies for enhancing teachers’ utilization of instructional materials in teaching and learning of business studies subject in secondary schools in Ogba egbema ndoni local government area with respect to

Implications of the Study

The findings of this study have obvious implications for business studies teachers, business studies students, researchers, society as well as the curriculum planners.

Based on the findings of the study, business studies teachers need the knowledge of instructional materials to keep business equipment in good operational order.  The knowledge of the findings would help the business studies teachers to attend training to acquire the needed skills and use them to manipulate the equipment at their disposal in good working condition for effective teaching. Their earning power would  increase as they use the  skills  they acquired from the training to maintain similar equipment in the society they live. Student would become skillful as they acquired functional and adequate instructional material skills to enable them secure Jobs in schools and establish on their own. They can go for higher training in various method of handling or improvising instructional materials.

The fining of the study would help curriculum planners of  business  education programs; ministry of Education and National Business and Technical Examination Board (NABTEB) would use the knowledge of this study to reform the curriculum for business teachers training programme. The outcome of the  study would  help  the  curriculum planners to review and update business studies curriculum to include the identified instructional materials needed by the teachers.

Conclusion

Based on the findings made, it was concluded that availability of  instructional materials, teachers utilization, challenges and strategies are some assessment of utilization of instructional materials in teaching and learning of business studies subject in secondary schools in Ogba egbema ndoni local government area. Therefore, business studies teachers  should  be conversant with different instructional materials and strategies. The variety of instructional materials and strategies available for utilization by business studies teachers are  therefore  the major ingredient for teaching effectiveness.

Recommendations

Based on the findings of the study, the researcher wish to offer the following recommendations:

• Seminars and workshops should be organized for teachers on the availability and management of materials in schools
• Teachers need to update their skills in the area of modern technology to enable them discharge their duties
• Availabilities and utilizations should be a separate course in the teachers’ training programme or subject trade in vocational and technical
• Government and school administrators should provide qualitative and sufficient male teachers
• Teachers who desire to increase the knowledge and skills should be encouraged.

Limitation of the Study

Although the researcher and the research assistant explained to the respondents the purpose of the study and guided them on how to fill the questionnaire, the respondents might not have fill the questionnaire objectively which could have affected the result  of the study.  The result of the study might have also been affected by respondent’s mood and bias at the occasion of filling the questionnaire. In addition, since the questionnaire is  not  commonly  used instrument, it might not have elicited the actual responses to the objectives of the study. Lastly, the t-test used in the analysis might not have indicated the influence as in the case of correlation studies male and female due to non-equivalent number of male and female respondents. Nevertheless, these limitations do not lessen the significance of the  reported results as whole. They serve to provide suggestions for future research.

Suggestion for Further Studies

1. The same research can be conducted in other fields, other states and
2. Researchers can as well replicate the same research using multiple regressions and other statistical tools in the data analysis for the generalization of the
3. Future research may also involve the demographic variables of teachers in order  to find out the utilization ability possessed by

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