Attitude of Couple Towards Modern Family Planning
CHAPTER ONE
Aim objective
The objective of the study is to access the attitude of marriage couples toward modern family planning method in Some selected Local Government Area in Sabon Gari Zaria
Some of the specific objectives use on the study were state below
- To known the knowledge of couples about modern family planning methods
- To identify their attitudes towards family planning
- To find out weather people use the method
- To find out the role of education on family planning
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
INTRODUCTION
This chapter, reviews related works literature on the topic “the attitude of marriage couples toward modern family planning method a case study of Sabon Gari Local Government Area Of Kaduna State.”This is basically to understand, identify, synthesize, criticize and analyze the critical variables that are related to the present study, the chapter is presented under the following sub-heading;
OVERVIEW OF FAMILY PLANNING
Family planning is defined as birth spacing, preventing unwanted pregnancies or secure wanted pregnancy (WHO, 2015). Family planning is adopted voluntarily through the practice of contraception or other methods of birth control on the basis of knowledge, attitude and responsible decision by individuals and couples, in order to promote the health welfare of the family and contribute to the social and economic development of the country. one of the six essential health interventions needed to achieve safe motherhood and by United Nations Children Fund (UNICEF) as one of seven strategies for child survival. Both women and men’s use of contraception have been going on for centuries. Traditional methods such as coitus interruptus is described in Bible, periodic abstinence was used in ancient India and the precursor to the condom was used by the Egyptians back in 1350 BC (Edwards, 2014).
The practices of modern contraceptive methods offer many advantages in health and economy of the couple and the country. The primary aim of family planning enables women and men to plan their families and space their children through the use of modern contraceptives. However, family planning also embraces activities such as infertility and genetic counseling, contraception, abortion and sterilization. Family planning programs, policies and methods have become increasingly important in the last decade as a result of the socio-economic problems influencing rapid population growth, as well as public health problems, especially control of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) such as AIDS (UN, 2014). There is evidence based on many studies which show that these programs are jointly responsible for improvement in the quality of family life, directly benefiting the health of women and children and is the most cost effective intervention to lowering fertility (Maguire, 2014).
SITUATION OF FAMILY PLANNING IN THE WORLD
The era of modern contraception began in 1960s, when both the birth control pill and intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) became available. These effective and convenient contraceptive methods resulted in widespread changes in birth, fertility and demography in the United States. Between 1800 and 1900, the family size in the United States declined from 7.0 to 3.5 children, and by 1933, the average family size had declined to 2.3 children (CDC, 2000). Since 1972, the average family size had leveled off at approximately two children, with increasing safety, efficacy, diversity, accessibility and use of contraceptive methods (Forrest, 2014).
Between 1990 and 1994, the global average contraceptive use by married women of reproductive age rose from 57% to 60% (Hamilton, 2017). The introduction of combined oral contraceptive pill also brought about the sexual revolution in the West, where it was possible for sex without any fear of pregnancy. Worldwide, however, there are still unmet needs especially in developing countries, where a scarcity of resources and information, cultural and political barriers, and societal attitudes or misconceptions, conspire to exact a heavy toll on all women’s health, with unwanted pregnancies, unsafe abortions, maternal mortality and HIV-1 infection still leading causes of death in women. Even in developed countries, the situation is far from ideal and policies and provision of services vary considerably within each country. Unwanted side effects, inconvenience of the chosen method, and media scares about safety of modern contraceptives are some of the issues that limit their acceptability. Poor contraceptive use is further compounded by ignorance among users and providers of wide range of methods available now and likely to be so in the future. Giving women reproductive autonomy through comprehensive and up-to- date information about all methods is vital for successful and long-term use of contraception (Kubba et al, 2011).
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
INTRODUCTION
In this chapter, we described the research procedure for this study. A research methodology is a research process adopted or employed to systematically and scientifically present the results of a study to the research audience viz. a vis, the study beneficiaries.
RESEARCH DESIGN
Research designs are perceived to be an overall strategy adopted by the researcher whereby different components of the study are integrated in a logical manner to effectively address a research problem. In this study, the researcher employed the survey research design. This is due to the nature of the study whereby the opinion and views of people are sampled. According to Singleton & Straits, (2009), Survey research can use quantitative research strategies (e.g., using questionnaires with numerically rated items), qualitative research strategies (e.g., using open-ended questions), or both strategies (i.e., mixed methods). As it is often used to describe and explore human behaviour, surveys are therefore frequently used in social and psychological research.
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
INTRODUCTION
This chapter presents the analysis of data derived through the questionnaire and key informant interview administered on the respondents in the study area. The analysis and interpretation were derived from the findings of the study. The data analysis depicts the simple frequency and percentage of the respondents as well as interpretation of the information gathered. A total of eighty (80) questionnaires were administered to respondents of which only seventy-seven (77) were returned and validated. This was due to irregular, incomplete and inappropriate responses to some questionnaire. For this study a total of 77 was validated for the analysis.
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Introduction
It is important to ascertain that the objective of this study was to ascertain Attitude of couple towards Modern Family planning. In the preceding chapter, the relevant data collected for this study were presented, critically analyzed and appropriate interpretation given. In this chapter, certain recommendations made which in the opinion of the researcher will be of benefits in addressing an attitude of couple towards Modern Family planning
Summary
This study was on attitude of couple towards Modern Family planning. Three objectives were raised which included: To known the knowledge of couples about modern family planning methods, to identify their attitudes towards family planning ,to find out whether people use the method, to find out the role of education on family planning . A total of 77 responses were received and validated from the enrolled participants where all respondents were drawn from selected Local Government Area in Sabon Gari Zaria. Hypothesis was tested using Chi-Square statistical tool (SPSS).
Conclusion
Common modern family planning methods available such as contraceptive pills, intrauterine devices and condoms. However, their knowledge were lacking in depth on the principles and mechanism for these modern family planning methods, the married couples knowledge of family planning was positively associated with the education level of husband, education level of wife, number of children in the family and their wives monthly income, most husbands have positive attitude towards family planning and agreed that modern methods are more effective than traditional methods
Recommendation
Based on the results of this study, the following recommendations are made;
- Familyplanning education activities must also targeted husbands and effectively focused on a deeper understanding of the principles and mechanism of modern family planning methods. More effective and innovative strategies should include use of mass media, incorporation of religious leaders in campaigns, pre-marital classes, male family planning clinics and community outreach programmes for husbands. These activities can help identify and correct husband’s misperceptions about family planning, especially those based on religion.
- Family planning counseling should be targeted to both Sabon Gari husbands and their wives. Husbands should be encouraged to communicate with their wives about planning for their family so that decisions are made jointly. Health workers can serve as family planning counselors during antenatal and postnatal visits. Village volunteers should be organized especially in rural areas to improve the coverage for family planning counseling.
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