Assessment of the Uptake of Family Planning Services by Women of Reproductive Age in Waru, Apo Abuja.
CHAPTER ONE
Objective of the study
The objective of the study is to assess the uptake of family planning services by women of reproductive age in Waru, Apo, Abuja. The specific objectives are;
- To assess the knowledge of women of reproductive ages in Waru, Apo Abuja Community Health Center on family planning services.
- To assess the level of utilization of family planning services among women of reproductive ages
- To identify the factors influencing the utilization of family planning services in Waru, Apo, Abuja
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
Family Planning and Adolescents
The adolescence stage in life is critical for the realization of individuals’ potential (Patton et al., 2016). But there has been limited investment in adolescents’ health due to their generally good health despite facing risk and inequities when it comes to maternal health. Despite gaps in the data for adolescents, evidence points to disparity with adolescents’ use of contraceptive services compared to older women, which varies across and within countries (Vogel et al., 2015). Maternal health indicators such as maternal mortality and contraceptive prevalence have made improvements globally over the last several decades but not uniformly across all ages. The inequity in contraception uptake is particularly critical for adolescents because contraception contributes toward securing their future (Patton et al., 2016). Adolescents are also at significantly higher risk of maternal mortality and other adverse pregnancy outcomes, which are related to various factors such as the characteristics of the population, particularly socioeconomic status (Ganatra & Faundes, 2016). Contraception is an effective intervention in preventing unintended pregnancies, which are associated with increased risks of poor pregnancy outcomes such as death and unsafe abortions (Chandra-Mouli et al., 2014; Glasier et al., 2006; Nove et al., 2014). But many births by women below 20 years of age in developing countries are unplanned, which may be an indicator of the widespread burden of unmet need for contraception (Bishwajit et al., 2017). Nigeria is among the 10 countries with the highest teenage pregnancy globally (Loaiza & Liang, 2013). According to the KDHS, in 2014, 18% of girls between 15 and 19 years had begun childbearing, meaning they had already given birth or they were pregnant (Nigeria National Bureau of Statistics, 2015). Early childbearing in Nigeria is higher in some regions being highest in Nyanza followed by Rift Valley and Coast and was lowest in Central and North Eastern region. These differences may point to inequity in contraception access, but there may be other factors contributing to this state. Notably, the proportion of teenagers who had begun childbearing had not changed since the previous KDHS carried out in 2008, thus indicating no progress in the utilization of contraception in the country among teenagers. Reports from some regions in Kenya and those from other countries suggest that adolescents face various barriers to using contraception, including lack of access, health concerns, and fear of side effects (Ochako et al., 2015; Woog et al., 2015). This study seeks to provide information on adolescents in Kenya that is nationally representative.
Family Planning Among Postpartum Women
Evidence suggests that optimal birth spacing, 2 to 3 years, enhances maternal and infant health and contributes to the reduction of maternal mortality (Ganatra & Faundes, 2016). Contraception reduces the high-risk births associated with short interval births and reduces fertility (Brown et al., 2015). However, though after the delivery of a child, many women desire to delay pregnancy for at least 2 years (Pasha et al., 2015), many do not start contraception within the first year, thus risking a closely spaced pregnancy (Rossier et al., 2015). There is a high unmet need for FP among postpartum women in low- and middle-income countries, including Nigeria, with more than half of repeat births being within an interval that is too short (Moore et al., 2015). Unmet need for spacing is high at 29% and that for limiting at 28% in Nigeria for postpartum women, with 50% of postpartum women having short birth intervals (Moore et al., 2015).
CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY
Research Design
A descriptive survey was done to assess the uptake of family planning services of productive age in Waru, Apo, Abuja.
Target Population
The target population for this study was women of reproductive ages between 18 to 45 years attending Waru, Apo, Abuja Community Health Center at the time of conducting this study.
Sample Size
The sample size was determined using the formula by Yamen (1967) formula to select the participants that best represent the entire population of women attending Waru, Apo, Abuja Community Health Center;
CHAPTER FOUR
Results and Discussion
This chapter presents the results of the data analysis for the study. The presentation is in accordance with the research hypotheses formulated to guide the study.
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Conclusion
This study revealed that there is good knowledge of family planning services among women of reproductive age but in spite of the good knowledge, the utilization of family planning services was still relatively poor. It was observed that many of the factors surrounding the poor utilization of these services were as a result of poor socioeconomic status, religion and lack of education. However, a good knowledge of family planning services is to be taken as an indication of better things to come. Therefore, efforts which will encourage the use of family planning among women need to be promoted.
Recommendation
The state and local government should increase the availability of family planning services in all the communities and create awareness among the single and unmarried women for improved uptake.
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