Assessment of Benefits and Challenges of Gas Power Plants for Local Communities. a Case Study of NIPP Alaoji 1074mw Power Plant. Aba.
Chapter One
Objective of the study
The primary objectives of this study are to comprehensively assess the benefits and challenges associated with gas power plants for local communities, and to propose strategies for mitigating the identified challenges. Using NIPP Alaoji 1074MW Power Plant. Aba. Specifically, the study aims to:
- Analyze the positive impacts of gas power plants on local communities, including their contributions to reliable electricity generation, economic growth, job creation, and reduced emissions in Aba
- Investigate the various challenges posed by gas power plants, such as environmental concerns, water usage implications, land use changes, and potential impacts on community health and well-being.
- Evaluate the water usage patterns of gas power plants and their effects on local water resources, with a focus on potential conflicts and sustainable water management strategies.
CHAPTER TWO
REVIEWED OF RELATED LITERATURE
CONCEPT OF GAS POWER PLANTS
Gas power plants, also known as natural gas power plants or gas-fired power plants, are a type of electricity generation facility that utilize natural gas as their primary fuel source to produce electricity. These power plants play a significant role in meeting the world’s energy demands due to their efficiency, relatively lower environmental impact compared to coal-fired plants, and their ability to provide a reliable and flexible source of electricity.
Here are some key aspects of gas power plants:
- Fuel Source: Gas power plants predominantly use natural gas as their fuel source. Natural gas is a fossil fuel composed mainly of methane and is found in underground reservoirs. It is considered a cleaner-burning fuel compared to coal and oil, as it releases fewer pollutants and greenhouse gases when burned.
- Types of Gas Power Plants:
- Combined Cycle Power Plants: These plants are designed for maximum efficiency. They consist of two main components: a gas turbine and a steam turbine. The gas turbine burns natural gas to produce mechanical energy, which in turn drives the generator to produce electricity. The waste heat from the gas turbine is then used to generate steam, which drives a steam turbine to produce additional electricity.
- Simple Cycle Power Plants: In this type, only a gas turbine is used to produce electricity. While simpler and faster to start, simple cycle plants are less efficient compared to combined cycle plants.
- Efficiency: Combined cycle gas power plants are known for their high efficiency. They can achieve efficiency levels of around 50-60%, which means a significant portion of the energy in the natural gas is converted into electricity. This efficiency contributes to reduced fuel consumption and lower greenhouse gas emissions per unit of electricity generated.
- Flexibility: Gas power plants are highly flexible and can be ramped up or down relatively quickly compared to other power plant types like coal-fired plants. This makes them ideal for providing electricity during peak demand periods or when renewable sources like wind and solar experience fluctuations.
- Environmental Impact: While natural gas is considered cleaner than coal or oil in terms of emissions, gas power plants still release carbon dioxide (CO2) when burning natural gas. However, they emit fewer pollutants such as sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) compared to coal plants. The overall environmental impact depends on the efficiency of the plant and the measures taken to mitigate emissions.
- Infrastructure: Gas power plants require a reliable supply of natural gas, which necessitates a well-developed gas transportation infrastructure including pipelines. Proximity to natural gas reserves or reliable gas supply networks is a crucial factor in determining the location of gas power plants.
- Cogeneration: Some gas power plants implement cogeneration or combined heat and power (CHP) systems. In these setups, the waste heat from electricity generation is captured and utilized for district heating, industrial processes, or other applications, increasing overall efficiency.
- Role in Energy Transition: Gas power plants are sometimes considered a transitional energy source as societies move towards more sustainable energy systems. They can provide a stable source of electricity while renewable energy sources are developed and integrated into the grid. However, the extent to which gas power plants will be a part of the long-term energy mix depends on factors like advancements in renewable technology and energy storage solutions.
Gas power plants have a pivotal role in the global energy landscape, providing a bridge between traditional fossil fuel-based electricity generation and a cleaner, more sustainable energy future. Their efficiency, flexibility, and relatively lower emissions make them an important component of the overall energy mix, particularly during the ongoing transition to greener energy sources.
BENEFITS OF GAS POWER PLANTS TO COMMUNITIES
- Economic Growth and Job Creation: Gas power plants can stimulate economic growth in communities by creating job opportunities during the construction, operation, and maintenance phases. These jobs can span various skill levels and contribute to local employment rates.
- Stable Energy Supply: Gas power plants provide a reliable source of electricity, which is crucial for supporting local industries, businesses, and residential areas. Their ability to respond quickly to changes in demand also helps maintain grid stability.
- Reduced Air Pollution: While not emissions-free, gas power plants emit fewer pollutants like sulfur dioxide (SO2) and particulate matter compared to coal-fired power plants. This can lead to improved air quality in surrounding communities, resulting in better public health outcomes and reduced healthcare costs.
- Lower Carbon Emissions: Compared to coal-fired power plants, gas power plants emit lower carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions per unit of electricity generated. This can contribute to regional efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and combat climate change.
- Flexibility for Renewable Integration: Gas power plants can complement renewable energy sources like solar and wind by providing quick and reliable backup power when these sources are not producing electricity due to factors like weather conditions. This helps maintain a stable electricity supply, promoting energy security.
- Energy Security and Grid Reliability: Gas power plants can play a role in ensuring a consistent electricity supply during periods of high demand or when unexpected disruptions occur. This is particularly important for communities that rely heavily on electricity for essential services.
- Local Revenue Generation: Gas power plants contribute to local revenue through property taxes, licensing fees, and other financial arrangements. This additional revenue can be used to support community infrastructure, services, and development projects.
- Support for Industrial Growth: Reliable and affordable electricity from gas power plants can attract industries that require a stable energy supply, promoting industrial growth and diversification in the community.
- Technology Advancements: Gas power plants continue to evolve with advancements in technology, leading to improved efficiency, reduced emissions, and better environmental controls. These advancements can benefit both the community and the environment.
THE CHALLENGES OF GAS POWER PLANTS TO COMMUNITIES
Gas power plants, while offering various benefits to communities, also pose certain challenges that can impact the environment, public health, and overall well-being of local residents. It’s important to consider these challenges when evaluating the role of gas power plants in communities:
- Air Pollution and Health Impacts: Gas power plants emit pollutants such as nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which can contribute to smog formation and air quality degradation. Prolonged exposure to these pollutants can lead to respiratory problems and other health issues for nearby residents.
- Greenhouse Gas Emissions: While natural gas is cleaner-burning than coal, gas power plants still emit carbon dioxide (CO2) when combusting natural gas. This contributes to overall greenhouse gas emissions, which can exacerbate climate change and its associated impacts.
- Water Use and Pollution: Gas power plants require significant amounts of water for cooling purposes. The withdrawal of water from local sources, combined with the release of warm water back into aquatic ecosystems, can have adverse effects on aquatic life. Additionally, water discharges from these plants can contain pollutants that impact water quality.
- Water Scarcity Concerns: In regions facing water scarcity, the high water consumption of gas power plants can exacerbate local water resource challenges, potentially leading to conflicts with other water users, agriculture, and ecosystems.
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Design
The research design adopted in this research work is the survey research design which involves the usage of self-designed questionnaire in the collection of data. Under the survey research design, primary data of this study will be collected from selected residents in Aba in order to determine Assessment of Benefits and Challenges of Gas Power Plants for Local Communities. A case study of NIPP Alaoji 1074MW Power Plan, Aba. The design was chosen because it enables the researcher to collect data without manipulation of any variables of interest in the study. The design also provides opportunity for equal chance of participation in the study for respondents.
Population of Study
The population of study is the census of all items or a subject that possess the characteristics or that have the knowledge of the phenomenon that is being studied (Asiaka, 1991). It also means the aggregate people from which the sample is to be drawn.
Population is sometimes referred to as the universe. The population of this research study will be Seventy-five (75) selected residents in Aba, Abia state
Sample Size and Sampling Techniques
The researcher made use of stratified sampling technique because all the members have the same probability of occurrence. The researcher narrowed down the samples to selected residents in Aba in order to determine Assessment of Benefits and Challenges of Gas Power Plants for Local Communities. A case study of NIPP Alaoji 1074MW Power Plan, Aba.
In this study, the researcher used the [TARO YAMANE FORMULA] to determine the sample size.
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION
This chapter is about the analysis and presentation of data collected from the field through questionnaire. The analysis of the data with particular question immediately followed by the presentation of findings.
As mentioned in chapter three, 63 questionnaires were administered and 50 were retrieved and necessary analysis was carried out on them and presented as follows:
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Introduction
It is important to ascertain that the objective of this study was to ascertain Assessment of Benefits and Challenges of Gas Power Plants for Local Communities. A case study of NIPP Alaoji 1074MW Power Plant, Aba. In the preceding chapter, the relevant data collected for this study were presented, critically analyzed and appropriate interpretation given. In this chapter, certain recommendations made which in the opinion of the researcher will be of benefits in addressing the challenges of Benefits and Challenges of Gas Power Plants for Local Communities..
Summary
This study was on assessment of Benefits and Challenges of Gas Power Plants for Local Communities. A case study of NIPP Alaoji 1074MW Power Plant, Aba. Three objectives were raised which included: Analyze the positive impacts of gas power plants on local communities, including their contributions to reliable electricity generation, economic growth, job creation, and reduced emissions in Aba, investigate the various challenges posed by gas power plants, such as environmental concerns, water usage implications, land use changes, and potential impacts on community health and well-being and evaluate the water usage patterns of gas power plants and their effects on local water resources, with a focus on potential conflicts and sustainable water management strategies.. The total population for the study is 75 selected residents in Aba Abia state. The researcher used questionnaires as the instrument for the data collection. Descriptive Survey research design was adopted for this study. The data collected were presented in tables and analyzed using simple percentages and frequencies
Conclusion
In conclusion, the assessment of the benefits and challenges of the NIPP Alaoji 1074MW Power Plant in Aba, Nigeria, highlights the complex interplay of factors associated with gas power plants in local communities. This case study serves as a microcosm of the broader considerations that arise when evaluating the impact of such facilities on the economic, environmental, and social landscape.
The benefits of the NIPP Alaoji Power Plant are evident in the reliable electricity generation it provides to the region. This stable power supply contributes to economic growth by attracting industries, creating jobs, and reducing energy costs for residents and businesses. Additionally, the plant’s flexibility and backup power capabilities enhance the community’s resilience in the face of power outages and emergencies.
However, this study also underscores the challenges associated with gas power plants. Environmental impacts, including greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution, pose concerns for local air quality and public health. Water resource usage, particularly in water-stressed regions, raises sustainability issues and ecological consequences. Land use changes and potential aesthetic impacts can alter the local landscape, requiring careful planning and community engagement.
Moreover, the dependency on fossil fuels perpetuated by gas power plants raises questions about long-term sustainability and the need to transition to cleaner energy sources in the face of global climate change challenges.
To address these challenges, a balanced approach is crucial. Implementation of modern emissions control technologies, water recycling and reuse systems, and sustainable land use practices can help mitigate environmental impacts. Engaging local communities in decision-making processes and ensuring compliance with regulations are essential steps toward fostering a harmonious relationship between gas power plants and their host communities.
The assessment of the NIPP Alaoji 1074MW Power Plant highlights the dual nature of gas power plants as both enablers of economic growth and potential sources of environmental and social concerns. It underscores the importance of a comprehensive and sustainable approach to power generation that prioritizes the well-being of local communities while striving for cleaner and more resilient energy solutions in the future.
Recommendation
Based on the assessment of the NIPP Alaoji 1074MW Power Plant and the broader considerations surrounding gas power plants in local communities, several key recommendations emerge to address the associated benefits and challenges effectively:
- Implement advanced emissions control technologies to minimize air pollutants and greenhouse gas emissions.
- Promote the adoption of cleaner and more sustainable energy sources as part of a long-term transition plan.
- Explore the use of dry cooling systems or alternative water sources to reduce the strain on local water resources.
- Monitor water quality and temperature in discharge areas to ensure compliance with environmental regulations and mitigate ecological impacts.
- Foster open and transparent communication between power plant operators, local communities, and regulatory authorities.
- Involve local residents in decision-making processes regarding the power plant’s operation, expansion, or any proposed changes.
- Promote sustainable land use practices to minimize the environmental and aesthetic impact of power plant facilities on the local landscape.
- Encourage the development of green spaces and offset initiatives to balance land use changes.
References
- Olabisi, Forecasting Nigeria’s Electricity Demand and Energy Efficiency Potential under Climate Uncertainty, 2021.
- A.K. Akinlabi, V.O. Oladokun, A review of interconnected minigrid solution for underserved distribution network in Nigeria, Techn. Econom. Smart Grids Sustain. Energy 6 (1) (2021) 1–10.
- N.E.R.C. History [cited 2020 14th Feburary]; Available from: https://nerc.gov.ng/index.php/home/nesi/401-history, 2020.
- M.U. Ukponu, Y. Sulayman, K. Oyibo, Role of law in the energy transitions in Africa: case study of Nigeria’s electricity laws and off-grid renewable energy development, in: Energy Transitions and the Future of the African Energy Sector, Springer, 2021, pp. 141–188.
- J.N. Obiorji, V.C. Iwuoha, Privatisation, prepaid metering and electricity billing scam of Enugu electricity distribution company (EEDC) in Enugu metropolis of Nigeria, J. Publ. Aff. (2021) e2644.
- NBET. What We Do, 2018 [cited 2020 14th Feburary]; Available from: https://nbet.com.ng/about-us/what-we-do/.
- O.M. Ikeanyibe, Managing post-privatisation challenges: a review of Nigeria’s electricity sector, J. Contemp. Afr. Stud. 39 (1) (2021) 70–87.
- O.J. Ayamolowo, A.O. Salau, S.T. Wara, The Power Industry Reform in Nigeria: the Journey So Far, IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica, 2019, pp. 12–17, 2019. [9]
- Okolobah, Z. Ismail, On the issues, challenges and prospects of electrical power sector in Nigeria, Int. J. Econ. Manag. Soc. Sci. 2 (6) (2013) 410–418. [10]
- Okoh, An analysis of Nigeria’s nationally determined contribution (NDC) in the transition to a low carbon economy, Open J. Soci. Sci. Humani. 1 (1) (2020) 42–60 (ISSN: 2734-2077). [11]
- Adoghe, I. Odigwe, S. Igbinovia, Power sector reforms-effects on electric power supply reliability and stability in Nigeria, Int. J. Electr. Power Eng. 3 (1) (2009) 36–42. [12]
- Ekeh, Issues and challenges of power sector reforms in a depressed economy, in: 2008 5th International Conference on the European Electricity Market, IEEE, 2008.] N. Saifuddin, et al., Improving electricity supply in Nigeria-potential for renewable energy from biomass, Int. J. Appl. Eng. Res. 11 (14) (2016) 8322–8339.
- C.A. Odumugbo, Natural gas utilisation in Nigeria: challenges and opportunities, J. Nat. Gas Sci. Eng. 2 (6) (2010) 310–316.
- Alao, K. Awodele, An Overview of the Nigerian Power Sector, the Challenges of its National Grid and Off-Grid Development as a Proposed Solution, IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica, 2018, pp. 178–183, 2018.
- Arowolo, Y. Perez, Market reform in the Nigeria power sector: a review of the issues and potential solutions, Energy Pol. 144 (2020), 111580.