Assessment of Almajiri System of Education; Its Implication for Child, Family and National Development in Zaria Local Government Area of Kaduna State
Chapter One
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The general objectives of this study is to investigate the almajiri system of education its implications on child, family and nation. The specific objectives are: –
- To access the implications of the Almajiri system of education on child, family and national development.
- To examine the adequacy of the Almajiri schools curriculum.
- Determine the challenges and prospects of the system
- To identify the strategies for improvement
CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
INTRODUCTION
This chapter will focus on the review of the existing literature on the Almajiri system of education under the following sub-units.
This chapter will focus on the review of the existing literature on the Almajiir system of education under the following sub-units.
Conceptual framework
Scope of Almajiri schools curriculum
Impact of the Almajiri system of education on child, family and national development.
Challenges and prospects facing the system
strategies for improving the Almajiri system of education
Government support (funding)
private sector participation in the Almajiri system of education
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
The Qur’anic school is a non-formal and less structured type of Islamic educational institution commonly referred to as makarantar allo. Some schools (where most pupils are resident of the area of the Qur’anic school) are sedimentary with some of the pupils attending primary schools while in some cases, the mallam (teachers) and their Almajirai are Hinerant. Study under this system of education is undertaken under very inconducive atmosphere due to poor facilities and the absence of any welfare package (Dukku, 2004).
The schools are mostly operated at the resident of the mallam (teacher). In most cases, the students got their lessons in a single room, merely the entrance of the house (azure) they use yard as their toilets, they hardly take baths, they are walking on nothing but rags bare footed. There are no special rooms for sleeping. The Almajiri usually use the azure and the compound of the mallams house to sleep regardless of the weather either rainy season, harmattan or hot season. They sleep under most difficult, uncomfortable condition and they also come across with harmful things like snake, scorpion etc which sometimes leads to serious unless or even death (Shehu, 2003). In Zarai for instance which is were this study is much focused, most of the Almajiri schools have the above characteristics. In addition, the pupils undergone harsh treatment through severe punishments like beating, frog jumping (tsallen Kwadol, bike sitting (Zaman mashin) etc.
Sources of funding
However, the Qur’anic schools are sustained through various ways:
- Governmental support: Government particularly state government do provide financial and material assistance to the Almajiri school.
- Community support: Government communities where the Qur’anic schools are located usually give support to the schools mostly on temporal basis. Such aids may be in terms of money, food etc.
- Parents: Some parents visit the mallams from time to time and they usually give them some token.
- Zakkah: Some wealthy personalities give out par of their Zakkah, sometimes the Qur’anic schools become the beneficiaries.
- Farming activities: the pupils particularly during the rainy season engage in farming activities. Sometime they are hired and sometimes they work for the mallams. The money paid for the hired labour is usually paid to the mallam.
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
RESEACH DESIGN
This chapter discussed the research design and methodology used for the study the chapter is discussed under the following sub-heading.
Research design
Population of the study
Sample size and sampling procedure
Instrument for data collection
Procedure for data collection
Procedure for data analysis
RESEARCH DESIGN
Research design employed for this study is descriptive survey research. A survey research is an attempt to document existing situation attitude based on information collected directly from the people involved.
POPULATION OF THE STUDY
The area chosen for this research is Zaria Local Government. The target population or this study are community of Zaria Local government. The population of Zaria Local government is 408,198 (NPC 2006). H.O has six districts i.e. Birni da kewaye, waje, Dutsen Atta, Tukur-tukur, Gyallesu and wucuccuri.
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION
INTRODUCTION
This chapter is aimed at presenting the analysis of data and interpretation of finding based on research questions are indicated in chapter one of this study. The section A of the questionnaire were presented using frequencies and percentage while section B of the questionnaire were based on modified likert scale of 4, 3, 2 and 1 therefore the frequencies were multiplied by the rating and the mean calculated. A mean rating of 3.00 and above was considered accepted and all items rate below 3.00 were rejected. A total number of one hundred and twenty five questionnaires were distributed but analysis was made based one hundred and twenty questionnaire duely filled and returned this is because four were filled wrongly and one as were no returned.
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMMARY CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
SUMMMARY
The study was to asses the Almajiri system of education, its implications on child family and the nation. The objective of the research were as follows i) to assess the implications of Almajiri system of education on child, family and the nation ii) to examine the adequacy of the Almajiri schools curriculum iii) To determine the challenges of the system iv) to identify the strategies for improvement. The literature on the Almajiri system of education were reviewed. Descriptive survey research was employed and the sample size for the study consist of 125 people. A self-designed questionnaire was used for data collection whereby 125 questionnaires were administered and 120 returned. The data collected for this research work was analyzed and discussed, discussion were drawn and recommendation proposed.
CONCLUSION
Based on the results of this study, the following conclusions were established.
- Most of the Almajiri in Zaria local government are denied basic needs.
- The curriculum offered in the schools do not provide opportunity for literacy and numeracy.
- Poor funding is a major challenge facing the Almajiri system of education.
- IAP in provision of infrastructural facilities by government is a problem facing the Almajiri system of education
Lastly, in order to reform the Almajiri sytem of education, home economist has a crucial role to play by educating the Almajiri and train them on vocational skills the knowledge of these will greatly influence the living standards of Almajiri and nation at large.
RECOMMENDATION
- Government should consider addressing the feeding and welfare needs of the Almajiri and their mallams to stel menace street begging and its attendant social effects on the pupils as well as the larger society.
- The curriculum of Almajiri schools should provide opportunity for literacy and numeracy.
- The Almajiri system of education should be properly funded.
- Infrastructural facilities school be provided by the government to Almajiri schools, that will play a vital role in reforming the system.
REFERENCES
- Shehu S. (2004) The state of Tsangaya Education in Nigeria: Trends, issues challenges and the way forward.
- Shehu, Salisu (2002), Muslim Educational Reform Activities in Nigeria: Trends, issues, and future directions, A paper presented at two-day international on workshop on Educational Reforms in the Muslim world organized b IIITN and facultuy of education, BUK.
- Shehu, Salisu (2003) The integrated project and the future of Qur’anic/Islamiyya and challenges, A Paper presented at the fourth Northern states education pre-summit Worship organized by Northern Education Research project (NERP), Arewa House Kaduna
- Umar, bafia A. (2003) Appraising the management of integrated Qur’anic/Islamiyyah Schools. A case study of selected Northern Nigerian states. A paper Presented at the fourth Northern States Education Pre-summit Workshop Organized by the Northern Education Project, Arewa House, Kaduna.
- Mariam Humbe (2011) FG’s pivotal role in integrated Almajiri education
- Okolo F.D. (2010) Parenting and child guidance.
- E.U. Anyakoha (2008) Home management for schools and colleges.
- M.G. Dukku (2004) Enhancing Qur’anic and Islamiyya education and curriculum integration in Nigeria. National workshop on Tsangaya system of education atShehu Musa Ya’adua centre Abuja.
- A Guga, M.R. Bawa (2008) Curriculum studies
- Abbas Abba (2001) New trend in Muslim response to western education in nigeria; A study of the emergence, growth and management of private Islamic primary schools in Kano metropolis, An unpublished research sponsored by the IITN.
