Analysis of Food Security and Poverty Status Among Households in Kebbi
CHAPTER ONE
Objective of the Study
The general objective is to determine food security, as it relates with the poverty status of the role of food security in poverty alleviation in Kebbi state. The specific objectives are however to:
- Identify the impact of farmers‟ awareness of food security strategies on the poverty status of the rural people in Kebbi State.
- Identify the role of food security effort in poverty alleviation among farmers in Kebbi State.
- Identify the constraints of food security role in poverty alleviation among farmers in Kebbi State,
- Identify the role of food security strategies in poverty alleviation among farmers in Kebbi State.
CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Theoretical Framework
Poverty is a serious problem which requires a lot of approaches and solutions. Social scientists use a lot of theories in explaining the incidence of poverty. The theoretical framework adopted for this study was the minority group theory developed by Rowntree and the functionalist theory of poverty developed by Talcott Parsons, Kingsly Davis and W.E. Moore between 1940 and 1945. The minority group theory point out that poverty may come up as a result of the death, incapacity or loss of work by family wage earners as well as largeness of family and lowness of wage. On the other hand, the functionalist theory of poverty states that all societies are made up many positions and statuses. It also states that poverty performs a number of functions in the society among which is that it stimulates the development of charitable and philanthropic activities. Similarly, material reward and prestige motivate people to occupy certain positions in the society. These theories are taken to be appropriate for the study because it is obvious that the causes of poverty identified by the minority group theory are visible in Kebbi State. Similarly, it is the importance of poverty that made the government to see the necessity of setting up poverty alleviation strategies among which is the Kebbi State Food security. Therefore, to improve on people‟s personalities and accord respect to themselves, it is expected that poverty will stimulate our youth to welcome poverty alleviation through agricultural strategies.
Poverty
The World Bank (1999) defined poverty as inability to achieve a minimum standard of living. In economic terms poverty is situation of low income or low consumption. This view is analytically useful for construction of poverty line. The value of income or consumption necessary to purchase the minimum standard of nutrition and other necessities does not tell poverty in real terms. Poverty has both income and non–income dimensions usually interwoven. In this regard, poverty refer to lack of physical necessities, assets and income. It includes more than being income poor.
Chambers (1995) said poverty is a general condition of deprivation vulnerability, seasonality, powerlessness and humiliation. From the ongoing, one begins to appreciate that there is the social dimension of poverty and this explain the insufficiency of growth rate as a sufficient measure of development. Income (material) poverty has been quantitatively analyzed and classified variously as – structural/transient and absolute/relative, (Afonja and Ogwumike, 2003).
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
Research Design
The study used descriptive survey research design survey research involves a clear definition of the problem, collection of relevant and adequate data, careful analysis and interpretation of the data and skillful or professional reporting of the findings.
Population for the Study
The population for the study comprised of all the youths in Kebbi state aged 15-34 years. This was made up of 979,638 males, 831,974 females, and a total of 1,811,612.
Sample Size and Sampling Procedure
Samples for the study were drawn from eight local government areas (LGAs) selected for the study. Six hundred (600) Youths comprising both males and females were selected using stratified sampling techniques. The eight selected villages in the eight (8) LGAs formed the strata for the study. Also the researcher applied proportional sampling to select from each stratum.
The researcher used the four (4) LGAs as the stratum, each Village selected in the Local Government Areas formed the quota. Then, the sample were drawn proportionately from the population using simple random sampling from the groups which comprises both males and females.
CHAPTER FOUR
PRESENTATION AND DATA ANALYSIS
Analysis of Socio-demographic data
In the Table 4.1, it could be seen that 62% of the respondents were males, while 38% were females. This distribution could be attributed to the gender orientation in the society in which the females tended to be more restricted to the house than the males.
Age of respondents
The data in Table 4.2 showed that the ages of respondents. The data revealed that 19.3% were within the 15 to 19 years age bracket, while 143 or 26.0% were within the 20 to 24years age range. Respondents within the 25 to 29 years were 178 or 32.4%, while 123 or 22.3% were within the 30 to 34 years age range. This implied that the Youths in the state for which the strategies is expected to have impact were completely reflected.
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Summary
This study was carried out to find out the role of food security on poverty alleviation among Youths, in Kebbi State. The study had five specific objective which aimed at determining the extent of Youths awareness of food security Strategy role toward poverty alleviation among Youths, the constraints of food security strategy on poverty alleviation. Also identify appropriate measures to be implore, and the effective strategies for improve accessibility of the strategy to Youth to achieved poverty alleviant. Five research questions were answered and five null hypotheses were also tested. The survey research design was adopted for the study and a designed four point rating scale questionnaire was used to collect the data. The population of the study was 1,811,612 consisting of both male and female Youths in Kebbi state. A sample of six hundred (600) respondents were selected for the study. The data collected were analyzed using statistical tools. Percentage were used to analyze the demographic variables of the respondents while research questions were answered using mean scores.
Any questionnaire item with a mean score of 2.50 or above was accepted, otherwise, rejected. Similarly, the null hypotheses two was tested using t-test and it the result showed that the null hypothesis was rejected. Furthermore, the null hypotheses one, three, four and five were tested using ANOVA and the result showed that all the four null hypotheses were also rejected. Finally, the findings of the study revealed that Food security had not play any significance role in poverty alleviation among the Youths in Kebbi State.
Conclusion
On the bases of the result of the findings, the researcher concluded that;
food security is not having serious influence on poverty alleviation among young farmers as type of strategy effort constraint, strategies and major taking to improved access to the strategy as most of the indices are having weak influence. The implication here is that most of the strategy are not well implemented as they should be to reach the real target whose majority are young farmers.
Recommendations
Based on the findings from the study the following recommendation was made:
- Government should provide adequate funding for Kebbi State Food security strategy to make her achieve the strategy of poverty alleviation among Youths in the state.
- Efforts should be made to eliminate all identified constraints that prevented Youths from having effective access and awareness about food security programs
- Extension agents should be employed and deployed to all parts of the state to create awareness on the existence of Kebbi State Food security and its strategies that can create self-employment among the Youths.
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