An Inclusion of Economic Diplomacy in Nigeria’s Foreign Policy
CHAPTER ONE
Objectives of the Study
The General Objective of the study is to examine the effect of motivation on organization performance in the case of Afri Bank PLC. In addition to the main objective, the study is carried out to achieve the following specific objectives:
- To find out the motivational factors that affect employee performance in Afri Bank PLC?
- To determine the relationship between employee motivation and performance?
- To find out the current employees’ level of motivation?
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
MOTIVATION – AN OVERVIEW
Given the given emphasis in recent years on people as a key source of competitive advantage, it is not surprising to see corporate initiatives introduced to “buy” employee commitment. (Mick Marchington and Arden Wilkson, 2008).To motivate is to create a desire or willingness to perform in the manner in which managers want to get the work done which is distinct from the capacity to work. Mullins (1996) states that „‟the underlying concept of motivation is some driving force within individuals by which they attempt to achieve some goals in order to fulfill certain needs‟‟. It is a feeling or an urge to do or not to do a thing to fulfill certain need. It is important for management to know and understand what motivates people as it affect work performance, recruitment and retention. Also employees must think through what expectations they have of work and whether they are happy with their lot
DEFINITIONS
The term motivation was originally derived from the Latin word “Movere” which means, “to move”.
Kreitner (2001) defines motivation as the psychological process that gives behavior purpose and direction.
Robert Kreitner and Ageloo Kinicki (2001) explain motivation as those psychological processes that cause the arousal, direction and persistence of voluntary actions that are goal directed.
A motive is a reason for doing something. Motivation is concerned with the factors that influence people to behave in certain ways. The three components of motivation as identifed by Arnold et al (1991) are:
Direction: What the person is trying to do.
Effort: How hard a person is trying.
Persistence: How long a person keeps on trying. (Armstrong, 2006)
SOURCES OF MOTIVATION
INTRINSIC MOTIVATION
This stems from direct relationship between the worker and the task and is usually applied. Feelings of achievement, accomplishment, challenge and competence derived from performing ones job are examples of intrinsic motivators. A sheer interest in the job itself.
EXTRINSIC MOTIVATION
This stems from work environment external to the task and is usually applied by someone other than the person being motivated. Pay, fringe benefits, company policies and various forms of supervision are examples of extrinsic motivation.
MOTIVATIONAL IMPLICATIONS OF INTRINSIC AND EXTRINSIC REWARDS
According to Steers and Porter (1987), although most people work for some mix of intrinsic and extrinsic rewards, people clearly differ as to which is the more
Compelling motivational force. If a manager always praises an achievement, the motivated individual who excels largely for the feelings of intrinsic satisfaction, will begin to look on his manager as fake. Even within the extrinsic rewards arena, people look for different types of reward. Praise may be perfectly acceptable to the person motivated by the relatedness needs or affiliation, but may do nothing for the person expecting a more tangible pay-off.
Research initiated by Deci (1971) offers evidence that when too many extrinsic rewards are provided, work effort may decline. He found that the introduction of extrinsic rewards for work previously performed for intrinsic pleasure tends to reduce motivation. Over- abundant extrinsic rewards are likely to lessen the need to seek intrinsic satisfaction. People may perceive extrinsic rewards as diminishing their control of the work situation. However, if rewards serve primarily as feedback, this negative effect is minimal.
To get the best from their people, managers should emphasize anticipated reward value, whether extrinsic or intrinsic (Bratt, 1991). The manager‟s job is to strengthen effort performance-reward expectancies. For employees who have difficulty attributing outcomes to their performance, managers must make sure they realize performance-reward connections and provide performance feedback.
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Design
In defining research design, Odo (1992:43), stated that research design implies outlining the name of equipment and other materials the research intends using, applying some to successfully execute the practical aspect of the research study.
A descriptive survey method was used for this study. It is important to determine the method and procedure adopted in this research report since it gives the reader background information on how to evaluate the findings and conclusion.
Population of the Study
The researcher has chosen Afri Bank PLC as the studied population in order to find a possible solution to which involve a total of 300 staffs, which include top and junior staffs.
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION OF RESULTS
Respondents Demographic Characteristics
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary of Major Findings
l The study was carried out solely to identify the effect of motivation on employees’ job performance in Afri Bank PLC. Accordingly, the major findings were derived from data discussion, analysis and interpretations as follows.
l The study clearly depicted that the working environment of the company is conducive and suitable. Majority of the employee’s agreed on its conduciveness, suitability but regarding with providing the materials and equipment’s that are need for the job, the company is very poor in supplying those materials timely 48.11% of employees were not satisfied with the availability of materials.
l Almost all the respondents believe that the reward and incentive system is not based on performance and they are highly discouraged by the system. This implies that there is biased system in giving rewards to employees. Majority of the employees 42.2% believed that rewards are not given timely.
l When employees get recognized and appreciated, they do their best to prove the skill, talents and abilities they have However, All employees’ replied that there is no recognition and appreciation from their boss.
l The majority (81.80%) of employees disagreed that there is unsatisfactory relationship among employees and managers of the company, and also the relationship between employees is also discouraging, 34% of them claim that the relationship is poor. 52.6 % of the respondents indicated that there is no complaint handling mechanism in the company.
l 30.6 % of respondents strongly agreed that the trainings given in the company improved their skills, knowledge, and encourage them to stay at the company but regarding with the time interval of the training program majority of the respondents (36.9%) take only one training program over the past five years.
l 45.9% of respondents strongly disagreed that the financial aspects like bonus, allowance are not satisfying. This implies when individuals are motivated there effort towards the job will decrease.
Conclusions
Based on the findings, working environment is positively related to employee performance, the researcher conclude that there in fact exists positive relationship between the two. This demonstrates that when working environment is not conducive employee’s motivation to perform the job will reduce. There is a negative and insignificant relationship between Job Security and employee Performance. Employees are not certain that job security contributed to their performance.
There is positive and significant relationship between salary and employee performance. However employees were not motivated by the attractiveness of the salary because of these reason there is high turnover of bus drivers and fare collectors to other transport organizations. The researcher concluded that since the reward and incentive system of the company is not motivating to employees, the employees were forced to search a better opportunity so there is manpower turnover in the company especially bus drivers. Additionally, the reward is not given on time; this negatively affected the performance of the employees. Employees need and want to be appreciated for the work that they do. If they do not feel managers or others are recognizing their contributions, then employees become dissatisfied and unmotivated. Employees will normally put more effort than expected if someone will notice their effort. An under-appreciated employee may do less work. Regarding this motivational variable the company employee’s are not motivated and feel like there is no recognition and appreciation for effective job performance.
Recommendations
Based on the literature review, interviews and analysis done and the discussion it is clear that employees are not motivated and hence are not performing well which affecting business performance and productivity.
Management communication motivational factor was considered as one of the most important factors influencing employee performance. However employee of the company were found less motivated in terms of this motivational factor. the company can improve the communication by conducting meetings, performance reviews and feedback on organization performance. Communication can be improved through performance management. Performance Management is not only for measurement of performance but provides feedback to the employees. Recognitions either verbally or formally will enhance the self-esteem of the employee. Therefore, Managers should work hard in maintaining the level of satisfaction of employees by using recognition and mechanisms’ to motivate employees.
Training programmes based on training needs assessment should be implemented at Afri Bank PLC. Human resource management should include elements of employee motivation and employee training and development. Employee training for employees will both equip them and be an excellent source of employee motivation. Salaries should be determined in accordance with the company job grades and salary scale. the company salary structure shall be designed to provide competitive remuneration by market standard and also offer incentive to grow to a higher step.
l Every employee shall have the right to air its grievance when treated unfairly by the administration process. the company should provide the employee a way to express its feelings towards the job. For instance suggestion box should be available for employees to express what they felt. the company should focus on different financial packages and allowances for it’s employees. Allowances and various benefits of the company should be given to employees and should be revised.
l the company shall provide the required financial, human, material, time and facility resources for the proper implementation of its organizational goals. Promotion system of the company should be given great attention. When promotions are available in the company, everyone should have equal chance of participating. Finally, the management should examine what really motivates its staff in order to enhance employees’ performance and effectiveness.
References
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