An Assessment of the Relationship Between Principal’s Financial Management Strategies and Its Impact on Teachers’ Job Performance in Secondary Schools in Calabar Municipality
Chapter One
Purpose of Study
The purpose of this study is to find out the relationship between principals’ financial management strategies and teachers’ job performance in secondary schools in calabar municipality. Specifically the study investigates:
- The relationship between principles’ financial management strategies and teachers’ teaching performance.
- The relationship between principals’ financial management strategies and teachers’ discipline of students.
- The relationship between principals’ financial management strategies and teachers’ involvement in co-curricular activities.
CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OD RELATED LITERATURE
The concept of financial management
From the literature reviewed, various definitions of financial management have emerged. According to Pandy (1979) financial management is that management activity which is concerned with the planning and control of organization’s financial resources. Presently the management of financial resources has become necessary in school administration following the growing interest and awareness of the general public in education, the huge government expenditure on education and the growing demand for accountability. The management of financial resources according to Ndu, Ocho and Okeke (1997:55) refer to “that phase of school administration that is primarily concerned with procuring, expending, accounting, organizing and maintaining fiscal resources in effective manner” in the achievement of educational goals. Ezeocha (1990) also points out that the fiscal of financial management includes budget making and budget administration, procuring and handling of funds, inventory, accounting, auditing, financial reporting, cost analysis, maintaining properly insurance programme, cafeteria operations and supporting each school services like health care, food, library, transportation and recreational services. Orji (2001) sees financial management as the management activity that is concerned with the planning and controlling of the firms’ financial resources. Almost all kinds of business activities directly or indirectly involved the acquisition and use of funds. Moshum (1981) points out in his book of financial management and contest; that financial functions have always been important in any business management irrespective of any difference in structure, ownership or size. The financial organization of any enterprise, he said ought to be capable of surveying that their fiancé functions which includes planning and controlling are carried out at the highest degree of effectiveness. This is because, the profitability and stability of the business depends on the manners, their functions are performed and related to other business functions. In order to have funds managed effectively, proper planning and control are necessary to ensure proper allocation. Ezeocha (1990) expresses the view that the principal is the financial manager of the school and she is answerable for any financial mismanagement. Financial management deals on the sources of funds, their efficient use and the minimization of loses, for greater profitability of the business and as regards the secondary school for enhanced welfare of students and staff. Ndu, Ocho and Okeke (1997) indicate that training programmes for educational administrators should emphasize financial control and management especially in this period of spring cost and inadequate educational finance. Management is the utilization of all available resources to accomplish the organization goals. An organization needs structure itself into a hierarchy of levels of management for example, in the school system; we have the principal, vice-principal, heads of department, sectional heads, bursars. Financial management is an operational area of administration. The administrative task according to Campbell (1970) has to do with the securing of revenue; expanding and giving account of the money that has been spent. Money is useful only as it is used to purchase a programme of teaching and learning. The principal aim of financial administration in schools is for the manager or principal to keep a record of her stewardship in financial matters for the benefit of the government or the proprietor whose interest she represents. Financial accounting serves as a means of rendering an account of ones general financial management. Ndu, et al, (1997) note that financial management and control are not performed in isolation. They must be seen in the context of the environment under which these functions are performed. Financial management helps in the formulation and implementation of government programme based on proper and adequate information from accounting officers and principals concerning their financial task. It involves the securing of fund, physical facilities, safeguarding these funds for effective achievements of educational goals and properly accounting for these funds as the major problems of any school is finance.
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
INTRODUCTION
In this chapter, we described the research procedure for this study. A research methodology is a research process adopted or employed to systematically and scientifically present the results of a study to the research audience viz. a vis, the study beneficiaries.
RESEARCH DESIGN
Research designs are perceived to be an overall strategy adopted by the researcher whereby different components of the study are integrated in a logical manner to effectively address a research problem. In this study, the researcher employed the survey research design. This is due to the nature of the study whereby the opinion and views of people are sampled. According to Singleton & Straits, (2009), Survey research can use quantitative research strategies (e.g., using questionnaires with numerically rated items), qualitative research strategies (e.g., using open-ended questions), or both strategies (i.e., mixed methods). As it is often used to describe and explore human behaviour, surveys are therefore frequently used in social and psychological research.
POPULATION OF THE STUDY
According to Udoyen (2019), a study population is a group of elements or individuals as the case may be, who share similar characteristics. These similar features can include location, gender, age, sex or specific interest. The emphasis on study population is that it constitutes of individuals or elements that are homogeneous in description.
This study was carried to examine an assessment of the relationship between principals financial management strategies and its impact on teachers job performance in secondary schools in calabar municipality. Selected secondary schools in calabar municipality form the population of the study.
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
INTRODUCTION
This chapter presents the analysis of data derived through the questionnaire and key informant interview administered on the respondents in the study area. The analysis and interpretation were derived from the findings of the study. The data analysis depicts the simple frequency and percentage of the respondents as well as interpretation of the information gathered. A total of eighty (80) questionnaires were administered to respondents of which only seventy-seven (77) were returned and validated. This was due to irregular, incomplete and inappropriate responses to some questionnaire. For this study a total of 77 was validated for the analysis.
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Introduction
It is important to ascertain that the objective of this study was to an assessment of the relationship between principals financial management strategies and its impact on teachers job performance in secondary schools in calabar municipality. In the preceding chapter, the relevant data collected for this study were presented, critically analyzed and appropriate interpretation given. In this chapter, certain recommendations made which in the opinion of the researcher will be of benefits in addressing an An assessment of the relationship between principals financial management strategies and its impact on teachers job performance in secondary schools in calabar municipality
Summary
This study was on an assessment of the relationship between principals financial management strategies and its impact on teachers job performance in secondary schools in calabar municipality. Three objectives were raised which included: The relationship between principles’ financial management strategies and teachers’ teaching performance, the relationship between principals’ financial management strategies and teachers’ discipline of students and the relationship between principals’ financial management strategies and teachers’ involvement in co-curricular activities. A total of 77 responses were received and validated from the enrolled participants where all respondents were drawn from selected secondary schools in calabar municipality. Hypothesis was tested using Chi-Square statistical tool (SPSS).
Conclusion
It is also apparent that the management strategies adopted to sustain teachers task performance to march the principals’ fund provision. It is also apparent that the management strategies adopted to sustain teachers task performance, have positive linear relationship with the nature of teachers commitment to duties. More so the significant positive relationship between principals’ financial management strategies and the corresponding nature of teachers task performance was to dependent on the respondents’ status, gender and school location. On the basis of the foregoing, the researcher concludes that there is a significant positive relationship between principals financial management strategies and teachers task performance in calabar municipality. Implicit in this finding is the assumption that the application of proper financial management strategies by principals and the high level of teachers task performance are not peculiar to certain respondents of different status, gender and school locations. That is to say that principals and teachers irrespective of status, gender and school location are bound to appropriate financial management strategies and levels of job performance to achieve the desirable school goals.
Recommendation
- Principals should improved in releasing funds for instructional materials and facilities needed in schools to sustain teachers willingness to work.
- Principals should design and adopt appropriate financial management strategies in order to ensure maximum task performance of teachers,
- Teachers should reciprocate by carrying out their task when the materials and facilities are provided.
References
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