An Assessment of Patients’ Co-operation Towards Presence of Students During Radiological Examinations
CHAPTER ONE
Objective of the study
The objectives of the study are;
- To ascertain the level of patients co-operate when students participate in intimate radiological examinations
- To find out whether presence of student affect the co-operation of patients during radiological examination
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
Radiology
Radiography is an imaging technique using X-rays, gamma rays, or similar ionizing radiation and non-ionizing radiation to view the internal form of an object. Applications of radiography include medical radiography (“diagnostic” and “therapeutic”) and industrial radiography. Similar techniques are used in airport security (where “body scanners” generally use backscatter X-ray). To create an image in conventional radiography, a beam of X-rays is produced by an X-ray generator and is projected toward the object. A certain amount of the X-rays or other radiation is absorbed by the object, dependent on the object’s density and structural composition. The X-rays that pass through the object are captured behind the object by a detector (either photographic film or a digital detector). The generation of flat two dimensional images by this technique is called projectional radiography. In computed tomography (CT scanning) an X-ray source and its associated detectors rotate around the subject which itself moves through the conical X-ray beam produced. Any given point within the subject is crossed from many directions by many different beams at different times. Information regarding attenuation of these beams is collated and subjected to computation to generate two dimensional images in three planes (axial, coronal, and sagittal) which can be further processed to produce a three dimensional image.
Medical uses
Since the body is made up of various substances with differing densities, Ionising and non-ionising radiation can be used to reveal the internal structure of the body on an image receptor by highlighting these differences using attenuation, or in the case of ionising radiation, the absorption of X-ray photons by the denser substances (like calcium-rich bones). The discipline involving the study of anatomy through the use of radiographic images is known as radiographic anatomy. Medical radiography acquisition is generally carried out by radiographers, while image analysis is generally done by radiologists. Some radiographers also specialise in image interpretation. Medical radiography includes a range of modalities producing many different types of image, each of which has a different clinical application.
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
INTRODUCTION
In this chapter, we described the research procedure for this study. A research methodology is a research process adopted or employed to systematically and scientifically present the results of a study to the research audience viz. a vis, the study beneficiaries.
RESEARCH DESIGN
Research designs are perceived to be an overall strategy adopted by the researcher whereby different components of the study are integrated in a logical manner to effectively address a research problem. In this study, the researcher employed the survey research design. This is due to the nature of the study whereby the opinion and views of people are sampled. According to Singleton & Straits, (2009), Survey research can use quantitative research strategies (e.g., using questionnaires with numerically rated items), qualitative research strategies (e.g., using open-ended questions), or both strategies (i.e., mixed methods). As it is often used to describe and explore human behaviour, surveys are therefore frequently used in social and psychological research.
POPULATION OF THE STUDY
According to Udoyen (2019), a study population is a group of elements or individuals as the case may be, who share similar characteristics. These similar features can include location, gender, age, sex or specific interest. The emphasis on study population is that it constitute of individuals or elements that are homogeneous in description.
This study was carried to examine an assessment of patients’ co-operation towards presence of students during radiological examination. University of Uyo teaching hospital form the population of the study.
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
INTRODUCTION
This chapter presents the analysis of data derived through the questionnaire and key informant interview administered on the respondents in the study area. The analysis and interpretation were derived from the findings of the study. The data analysis depicts the simple frequency and percentage of the respondents as well as interpretation of the information gathered. A total of eighty (80) questionnaires were administered to respondents of which only seventy-seven (77) were returned and validated. This was due to irregular, incomplete and inappropriate responses to some questionnaire. For this study a total of 77 was validated for the analysis.
TEST OF HYPOTHESIS
H0: there is no level of patients co-operate when students participate in intimate radiological examinations
H1: there is level of patients co-operate when students participate in intimate radiological examinations
H0: presence of student does not affect the co-operation of patients during radiological examination
H2: presence of student affects the co-operation of patients during radiological examination
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Introduction
It is important to ascertain that the objective of this study was to ascertain an assessment of patients’ co-operation towards presence of students during radiological examination. In the preceding chapter, the relevant data collected for this study were presented, critically analyzed and appropriate interpretation given. In this chapter, certain recommendations made which in the opinion of the researcher will be of benefits in addressing the challenges of the patients’ co-operation towards presence of students during radiological examination
Summary
This study was on an assessment of patients’ co-operation towards presence of students during radiological examination. Two objectives were raised which included; To ascertain the level of patients co-operate when students participate in intimate radiological examinations and to find out whether presence of student affect the co-operation of patients during radiological examination. A total of 77 responses were received and validated from the enrolled participants where all respondents were drawn from University of Uyo teaching hospital. Hypothesis was tested using Chi-Square statistical tool (SPSS).
Conclusion
There is a substantial need for radiographers to improve their awareness of radiation protection issues and their knowledge of radiological procedures. Specific actions such as regular training courses for both undergraduate and postgraduate students as well as for working radiographers must be considered in order to assure patient safety during radiological examinations. Age and religious affiliation appeared to play a major role on the attitude of the respondents. The major reason for non acceptance was feelings of embarrassment or discomfort. This research has painted a positive picture regarding the future of medical education in Nigeria.
Recommendation
- There should be future research aimed at improving and promoting patient-student relationship in medical care irrespective of the patient age and religious differences.
- Hospitals should seek ways of educating the less educated patients about the educational goals of the medical students in order to ensure that the patients cooperate with the students.
- Every health facility should seek ways to eradicate the factors that contribute to patients’ embarrassment during their hospital care.
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