An Analysis of the Impacts of Marine Pollution on Shipping Operations and Marine Environment (Case Study of the Niger-Delta Region)
Chapter One
Objectives of the study
This study was undertaken majorly to assess the effect marine pollution in sub Saharan Africa and its impact on shipping operation and marine environment in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria.
Specific objectives of the study are:
- To examine the effect of marine pollution on the community of living organisms in the Niger Delta of Nigeria.
- To ascertain whether there is any significant impact of shipping operation and marine environment in the Niger Delta of Nigeria.
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
INTRODUCTION
This chapter gives an insight into various studies conducted by outstanding researchers, as well as explained terminologies with regards to the marine pollution in sub Saharan Africa: analysis of the impacts to shipping operations and marine environment.
The chapter also gives a resume of the history and present status of the problem delineated by a concise review of previous studies into closely related problems.
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
One important aspect which I have to put into consideration before conducting this project is to distinguish between Economic and uneconomic growth. Uneconomic growths are growth in production process and services which externalize social and environmental cost that are base on fossil fuels, involve toxic substance, deplete our natural resources, and degrade the earth’s ecosystem. Why Economic growth, are growth of more efficient production processes and services which fully internalize cost that involve renewable energies, zero emissions, continual recycling of natural resources and restoration of the earth’s ecosystem (Capra Henderson 2009).
The history of exploitation of natural resources and other environmental and socio-economic deterioration indicates that something is wrong with the objectives, with approaches to decision making, and with accounting practices which have been developed by mainstream economists and upon which our societies have relied. Reliance on monetary control instruments does not seem enough in view of the many failure shat have occurred and the difficulties ahead of us. Just as the aero plane pilot needs more than one kind of instrument to manage his aircraft, something similar may hold for business leaders, politicians, bureaucrats and indeed anyone who cares about the environment. Attempts to modify GNP by adding something that is judged valuable and subtracting components which are judged environmentally harmful may improve things somewhat, but it will not take us out of the main dogma of monetary thinking. For this reason, a recent proposal in Sweden to estimate a ―green GNP‖ in monetary terms is not sufficient and may in fact postpone a necessary transformation of thinking habits in relation to economics. So itseems as if the idea that all factors or impacts can meaningfully be reduced to some monetary equivalent has to be replaced by a strategy of disaggregation, whereby monetary and non-monetary impacts are kept separate, According to this disaggregated, and in a sense more holistic idea of economics, non-monetary impacts, e.g. changes in the state or ―position‖ of natural resources, are as ―economic‖ as monetary impacts (Soderbaum, 1987).
In his article ―The economics of the coming spaceship earth‖, Kenneth Boulding (1966) argues strongly that stocks (or non-monetary positions in my vocabulary) are important in economic analysis: ―The essential measure of success of the economy is not production and consumption at all, but the nature, extent, quality, and complexity of the total capital stock, including in this the state of the human bodies and minds‖.
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Design
The surveys research method was used for this study. This was considered appropriate because survey design generally can be used to effectively investigate problems in realistic settings. The survey technique will also allow the researcher to examine several variables and use multi-variate statistics to analyze data.
Area of the Study
The study was conducted in Port Harcourt, Rivers state Nigeria. Port Harcourt is one of the most beautiful cities in Nigeria. The population of Rivers State, according to the Lagos State Government is 6.5 million, a number disputed by the Nigerian Government and judged unreliable by the National Population Commission of Nigeria. The study was carried out at the Rivers state ministry of education.
Population of the Study
The population consists of the employees of the state ministry of environment Rivers State. With a staff strength of 100 employees (personnel dept, 2015).
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
BIO DATA OF RESPONDENTS
CHAPTER FIVE
FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
The objectives of the study were to
- To examine the effect of marine pollution on the community of living organisms in the Niger Delta of Nigeria.
- To ascertain whether there is any significant impact of shipping operation and marine environment in the Niger Delta of Nigeria.
Findings from the study revealed the following
- Marine pollution is hazardous to the environment.
- Marine pollution has many effects on the community of living organisms in the Niger delta environment.
- There is a significant impact of shipping operation and marine environment in the Niger Delta.
- shipping operation and marine environment can be reduced in the Niger Delta.
REFERENCES
- A Proposed Comprehensive Model for Elevated Flare Flames and Plumes, David Shore,Flaregas Corporation, AIChE 40th Loss Prevention Symposium, April 2006.
- Ayres, R.U., 2008. Sustainable economics: where do we stand? Ecological economics 67, 281-310.
- AtzioniAmitai (1988) The moral dimension towards a new economy
- Becker, C, 2006. The human actor in ecological economics: philosophical approach and researchperspective. Ecological economics 60, 17-23.
- Boulding, K.E., 1966. The economics of the coming spaceship earth. In: H. Jarret (Editor),
- Brown, L.R., 1981. Building a Sustainable Society. Norton, New York.
- Bromley, D.W., 1989. Economic Interests and Institutions.The Conceptual Foundations ofPublic Policy. Basil Blackwell, New York
