An Analysis and Effect of Insurgency (a Case Study of Borno State in Nigeria)
CHAPTER ONE
Objectives of the study
- To know if insurgency have significant socio-economic effect on Bornu state.
- To examine the root causes of insurgency in Borno state.
- To analyze the effect of insurgency in the socio economic development of Borno.
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
INTRODUCTION
This chapter gives an insight into various studies conducted by outstanding researchers, as well as explained terminologies with regards to analysis of insurgency and effect of insurgency in Borno state.
The chapter also gives a resume of the history and present status of the problem delineated by a concise review of previous studies into closely related problems.
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
The theoretical take off point of this paper admonishes us to explore the harmonious interactions of people with their environments. It is a call for the interdependence of relationships with a view to a better understanding of the need for mutuality, cordiality and laying a strong foundation for both the present, as well as the succeeding generations. Political tolerance of the opinion of others is not negotiable. A party in power must tolerate the opposition because the country belongs to all and a culture that promotes bickering, irredentism and terrorism must be avoided. Democratic plant of free will, within the ambit of the law, must be nurtured with demonstrable understanding and mutual respect for one another. Political leaders must be responsive to the yearnings of the people and must equally propound the philosophy of constitutionalism. Insensitivity of the leadership to the games of politics, and disrespect for the views of the weak, give room to developing recalcitrant behaviors, which result into terrorism.
OVERVIEW OF INSURGENCY IN NIGERIA
Since the emergence of democratic governance in 1999, Nigeria has been overwhelmed by one form of violence or the other. These upheavals range from youth restiveness, ethnic crises, religious antagonism, insurgencies to outright terrorism. The consequence of the violence for the Nigerian State has been devastating.
The spate of violence in Nigeria is symptomatic of a “failing state” if not a “failed state”. A failed state describes a state which is unable to perform its legitimate functions, such as the maintenance of its territorial integrity, the security of its population and property, including the provision of basic public services to its citizens, among others. Nigeria may not yet be ascribed the label of a failed state but it is right to describe it as a failing state, having the features such as widespread violence and insecurity, poverty, unemployment, ethnicity, electoral malpractices and kidnapping (Akpotor and Oromareghake, 2013:75).
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
INTRODUCTION
This chapter states the various methods used in research, as well as the population of the study, and sampling techniques used in determining the sample size for the research. How data was collected and analyzed is also discussed in this chapter.
The main objectives of this research were achieved through quantitative methods, as inferential statistics were used to measure the level of accuracy and validate responses from the respondents in accordance to the objectives of the research.
STUDY AREA
The study was conducted in Bornu State. Borno, is a state in north-eastern Nigeria. Its capital is Maiduguri. The state was formed in 1976 from the split of the North-Eastern State. Until 1991 it contained what is now Yobe State. The state is dominated by the Kanuri and Babur while few Shuwa Arab ethnic groups are found. Shuwa Arabs are mainly the descendants of Arab people and is an example of the endurance of traditional political institutions in some areas of Africa, where the emirs of the former Kanem-Bornu Empire have played a part in the politics of this area for nearly 1,000 years. The current dynasty gained control of the Borno Emirate in the early 19th century and was supported by the British, who prevented a military defeat for the group and established a new capital for the dynasty at Maiduguri or Yerwa (as referred to by the natives) in 1905, which remains the capital to this day.
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA PRESENTATION, DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
This chapter is devoted to the presentation, analysis and interpretation of the data gathered in the course of this study. The data are based on the number of copies of the questionnaire completed and returned by the respondents. The data are presented in tables and the analysis is done using the chi-square test.
Data Presentation and Analysis
The data presented below were gathered during field work.
QUESTIONNAIRE ADMINISTRATION
INSTRUCTION: please endeavor to complete the questionnaire by ticking the correct answer(s) from the options or supply the information required where necessary.
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
The study investigated the effect of insurgency with the following aims and objectives:
- To know if insurgency have significant socio-economic effect on Bornu state.
- To examine the root causes of insurgency in Borno state.
- To analyze the effect of insurgency in the socio economic development of Borno.
FINDINGS
From the responses of the respondents we could make the following findings:
- Insurgency has significant socio-economic effect in Bornu state.
- Insurgency has significant effect on the economic and development in Nigeria
- Terrorism has significant effect on the level of unemployment in Borno state
- The differences in religious belief is one of the major causes of this insurgency in Borno state.
- Boko haram activities have increased significantly like cancer in Nigeria as a whole.
CONCLUSION
The responses gathered from the respondents show a clear view of the effect of insurgency in Borno state of Nigeria; the insurgency from the findings show that there has being a limitation to socio-economic growth and development in Borno state because of difference in belief and constant terrorist attack in this part of Nigeria.
RECOMMENDATION
The federal government of Nigeria has being looking for the major causes of the effect of insurgency in Borno state of Nigeria, the essence of the research work is to help proffer a better solution to the above mentioned effect. The study therefore recommends that:
- The federal government of Nigeria should increase the level of security in Borno state of Nigeria to increase the safety of the people in these areas
- There should be a proper check by the federal government of Nigeria through the use of media to monitor the ongoing events in Borno state.
- Everybody in Borno state should be seen as a suspected terrorist member, so as create awareness and enhance readiness for defense.
REFERENCES
- Akpotor, A.S. and Oromareghake, P.O. (2013) “Terrorism and Insecurity in the Nigerian State: The Challenges”
- In: Mbachu, O and Bature, U.M. (eds), Internal security Management in Nigeria: A study in Terrorism and counter- Terrorism. Kaduna: Medusa Academic Publishers Limited.
- Al Jazeera (2012) “Deaths in Nigeria Attacks on Churches”, June 10.Christian Elders Forum of Northern State, NOSCEF, (2014), “Time to Raise Our Voices against violence “Vanguard, Feb 9 p. 7.
- Cook, D. (2011) “The Rise of Boko Haram in Nigeria”, Combating Terrorism Centre, Retrieved 12-01-2012.
- Defence Department of the US (1990), www.terrorism.about.com/ od/whatisterrorist/ss/def ineterrorism-4.htm
- Eme, O.I. and Jide, I. (2012), “Activities of Boko-Haram and Insecurity Question in Nigeria” Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review, AJBMR, 1 (9), April: p.58. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ch ibok-schoolgirl-kidnapping).
- Ezeani, E.O. and Chilaka, F.C. “Islamic Fundamentalism and the problem of Insecurity In Nigeria: The Boko Haram Phenomenon” In Mbachu, O. and Bature, U.M (eds) Internal Security management in Nigeria:A study in Terrorism and Counter-Terrorism. Kaduna: Medusa Academic Publishers Limited
- Francis, D.I. (2006) “Peace and Conflict Studies: An African Overview of Basic Concepts” In: Best S.G. (ed.), Introduction to Peace and Conflict Studies in West Africa. Ibadan: Spectrum Book Ltd.
