Affordable Housing Solutions Strategies for Bridging the Gap in Urban Areas Case Study Lagos Nigeria
CHAPTER ONE
Objective of the study
- To evaluate the existing landscape of affordable housing in Lagos, Nigeria, by examining the quantity, quality, and distribution of housing units.
- To investigate the various impediments and challenges hindering the development of affordable housing projects in Lagos.
- To evaluate the effectiveness of current urban planning and zoning regulations in Lagos concerning affordable housing.
CHAPTER TWO
REVIEWD OF RELATED LITERATURE
Housing Demand and Its Challenges
Housing demand in urban centre is a manifestation and reflection of different household desires to live in an urban centre (Todd, 2007, Akinyode and Tareef, 2013). The desire of people to live in an urban centre is increasing at an alarming rate. Various reasons have been attributed to an increasing taste for urban living and these reasons include employment opportunity, urban amenities and utilities consumption opportunities. This situation has consequently led to housing shortage and most people are also found living in non-decent building apartment (Olayiwola et al, 2005) due to their socio-economic background which cannot cope with ever increasing price of decent house. Housing demand can be explained as the willingness and ability of housing consumer to pay for a particular dwelling depending upon such consumer’s incomes, house type, location preferences and local prices (Welsh, 2002). Demand is the quantity of good or service that consumers are willing and able to buy at a given price at a particular given time period. Demand for housing at certain price refers to the value that is placed on a house linked with the satisfaction derived in such house. In economics, this is termed as utility. Housing need relates to social housing while housing demand is related to private housing (Alison, 2004). Effective housing demand is different from Desire housing demand. Effective housing demand can be explained as a desire to buy a house that is backed up with an ability to pay for it. On the other hand, Desire housing demand can be termed to be willingness to buy the house with the consumer’s lack of the purchasing power to be able to buy the house. Until there is purchasing power in terms of money to buy the housing unit, such housing demand has not become effective housing demand. Maclennan et al (1998) suggest housing consumer demand for owner occupation, low cost home ownership options and housing affordability as ways of analysing the whole local housing market system for communities in Scotland. This does not include the consumer preferences for housing types or neighbourhood. In the case of high income earners, the low cost home ownership options that may be available may not be suitable for the consumer preferences for either the housing types or choice of the neighbourhood. The main determinant of the housing demand is household composition while other factors such as income, price of housing, cost and availability of credit, consumer preferences, investor preferences, prices of the substitutes and price of the complement also play a role (Bourne and Hitchcock (1978). Housing supply is produced using land, labour and various inputs such as electricity and building materials. The quantity of the new supply is determined by the cost of these inputs, the price of the existing stock of houses and the technology of production. House prices and the growth rate of house price are the two measures identified by Todd (2007) of the intensity of urban housing demand.
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
INTRODUCTION
In this chapter, we described the research procedure for this study. A research methodology is a research process adopted or employed to systematically and scientifically present the results of a study to the research audience viz. a vis, the study beneficiaries.
RESEARCH DESIGN
Research designs are perceived to be an overall strategy adopted by the researcher whereby different components of the study are integrated in a logical manner to effectively address a research problem. In this study, the researcher employed the survey research design. This is due to the nature of the study whereby the opinion and views of people are sampled. According to Singleton & Straits, (2009), Survey research can use quantitative research strategies (e.g., using questionnaires with numerically rated items), qualitative research strategies (e.g., using open-ended questions), or both strategies (i.e., mixed methods). As it is often used to describe and explore human behaviour, surveys are therefore frequently used in social and psychological research.
POPULATION OF THE STUDY
According to Udoyen (2019), a study population is a group of elements or individuals as the case may be, who share similar characteristics. These similar features can include location, gender, age, sex or specific interest. The emphasis on study population is that it constitutes of individuals or elements that are homogeneous in description.
This study was carried to examine Affordable housing solutions strategies for bridging the gap in urban areas case study Lagos Nigeria. Selected residents in Lagos State form the population of the study.
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
INTRODUCTION
This chapter presents the analysis of data derived through the questionnaire and key informant interview administered on the respondents in the study area. The analysis and interpretation were derived from the findings of the study. The data analysis depicts the simple frequency and percentage of the respondents as well as interpretation of the information gathered. A total of eighty (80) questionnaires were administered to respondents of which only seventy-seven (77) were returned and validated. This was due to irregular, incomplete and inappropriate responses to some questionnaire. For this study a total of 77 was validated for the analysis.
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Introduction
It is important to ascertain that the objective of this study was to ascertain Affordable housing solutions strategies for bridging the gap in urban areas case study Lagos Nigeria. In the preceding chapter, the relevant data collected for this study were presented, critically analyzed and appropriate interpretation given. In this chapter, certain recommendations made which in the opinion of the researcher will be of benefits in addressing affordable housing solutions strategies for bridging the gap in urban areas case study Lagos Nigeria
Summary
This study was on affordable housing solutions strategies for bridging the gap in urban areas case study Lagos Nigeria. Three objectives were raised which included: To evaluate the existing landscape of affordable housing in Lagos, Nigeria, by examining the quantity, quality, and distribution of housing units, to investigate the various impediments and challenges hindering the development of affordable housing projects in Lagos and to evaluate the effectiveness of current urban planning and zoning regulations in Lagos concerning affordable housing. A total of 77 responses were received and validated from the enrolled participants where all respondents were drawn from selected residents in Lagos. Hypothesis was tested using Chi-Square statistical tool (SPSS).
Conclusion
As we conclude, it is imperative to recognize the dynamic nature of urban challenges and the need for ongoing collaboration between stakeholders. The recommendations put forth in this study serve as a starting point, emphasizing the importance of adaptability, community engagement, and continuous assessment in the pursuit of sustainable and inclusive affordable housing solutions for Lagos, Nigeria.
Ultimately, the success of these recommendations hinges on the commitment and collaboration of policymakers, developers, communities, and other stakeholders. The study encourages a collective effort to transform challenges into opportunities, laying the foundation for a more equitable, sustainable, and livable urban environment in Lagos.
Recommendation
- Advocate for comprehensive policy reforms to address urban planning and zoning challenges in Lagos. This includes updating regulations to strategically allocate land for affordable housing projects, minimizing bureaucratic hurdles, and fostering collaboration between government bodies and urban planning experts.
- Government-Private Sector Collaboration: Encourage robust collaborations between the government and the private sector, leveraging the strengths of both to enhance affordable housing development. Public-private partnerships can facilitate innovative financing models, increase the scale of affordable housing projects, and streamline the construction process.
- Incentives for Sustainable Practices: Introduce incentives for developers who incorporate sustainable practices in affordable housing projects. This could include tax breaks, reduced regulatory requirements, or access to additional funding for projects that adhere to eco-friendly construction methods, energy-efficient designs, and waste reduction measures.
- Community Land Trusts and Participatory Approaches: Promote the establishment of community land trusts, empowering communities to collectively own and manage land. Additionally, incorporate participatory approaches in the planning and development phases to ensure that housing solutions align with the unique needs and preferences of the residents.
References
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- Akeju, A.A., (2007). Challenges to providing affordable housing in Nigeria. A Paper presented at the 2ndAfrica International Conference on Housing Finance in Nigeria held at Sheu Yar Adua Center Abuja, 17-19 October.
- Akintoye, A., Kyaw, T., Ngowi, A. and Bowen, P.A. (2006) Development in public-private partnerships for construction based projects in the developing countries. Paper presented at CIB W 107 Construction in Developing Countries International Symposium: Construction in Developing Economies: New Issues and Challenges, Pg,18-20 January, Santiago, Chile.
- Alao, T. (2008). LCCI, stake holders explore options for fixing housing shortage. Retrieved September 22, 2008 from http://www.guardiannewsngr.com/homes_property/article11//indexn3html?pdate=1 10808&ptile+LCCI
- Akinyode, B.F. and Tareef, H.K. (2014). Bridging the gap between housing demand and housing supply in Nigerian urban centres. A review of Government intervention so far. British Journal of Arts and Social Sciences, 18(2), 94 – 107.
