Adapting Emerging Trends in the Professional Training and Practice of Exercise Scientists in Meeting the Health Needs of Nigeria Sustainable Development
CHAPTER ONE
Objectives of the Study
This study had three specific objectives:
- To assess the extent to which emerging trends in exercise science are incorporated into the training of exercise scientists in Nigeria.
- To examine how exercise scientists in Nigeria apply emerging trends in their practice to meet the health needs of the population.
- To identify the perceived barriers and facilitators to the adoption of emerging trends in exercise science in Nigeria.
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
Conceptual Review
Exercise Science
Exercise science, often referred to as kinesiology or sports science, represents a multidisciplinary field dedicated to the study of human movement, physical activity, and exercise (American College of Sports Medicine, 2021). Its evolution has been significantly influenced by the growing awareness of the pivotal role physical activity plays in overall health and well-being (Katzmarzyk et al., 2021). In Nigeria, where non-communicable diseases (NCDs) pose a substantial health threat (Adeloye et al., 2021), the importance of exercise science cannot be overstated.
Traditionally, exercise science focused on areas such as sports performance and athletic training. However, with the rising global burden of NCDs (World Health Organization, 2017), the field has broadened its scope to include preventative and therapeutic interventions that promote physical activity for health. This evolution aligns with the global recognition of the impact of physical inactivity on NCDs and life expectancy (Lee et al., 2012).
In Nigeria, where there is an urgent need to address physical inactivity (Oyeyemi et al., 2020), exercise science has evolved to encompass a more extensive range of health-related applications. The field now plays a pivotal role in developing strategies to combat NCDs by promoting physical activity and educating the population on its benefits (Chigbu et al., 2020). This evolution reflects Nigeria’s commitment to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) (UN, 2021), particularly those related to health and well-being (Sachs et al., 2021).
The incorporation of emerging trends in exercise science is essential for Nigeria’s sustainable development. With advancements in exercise prescription, technology utilization, holistic wellness approaches, and cultural considerations (Oluwasanu et al., 2020), exercise scientists in Nigeria have the tools to make a significant impact. However, the extent to which these trends have been embraced and integrated into the training and practice of exercise scientists in Nigeria remains a topic of inquiry. Understanding the fundamentals and evolution of exercise science provides the necessary context for evaluating the adoption of these emerging trends in the Nigerian context and their potential contributions to health and sustainable development.
CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY
Introduction
In this chapter, we outline the research methodology employed in this study. The selection of an appropriate research design and methodology is crucial in ensuring the reliability and validity of research findings (Saunders et al., 2016). This chapter discusses the research design, population, sampling technique and size, sources and methods of data collection, data analysis, validity and reliability testing, and ethical considerations in conducting the study.
Research Design
The research design serves as the foundational framework that shapes the entire structure of the study, offering guidance for the processes of data collection and analysis (Anderson et al., 2020). In this research endeavour, a deliberate choice was made to employ a quantitative survey research design. This research design is characterized by the systematic collection of structured data from a sizable and diverse sample, with the primary aim of drawing statistically significant conclusions (Robson, 2002).
The selection of a survey research design is carefully justified by its inherent advantages, which align with the objectives of this study. Specifically, it allows for the efficient and systematic gathering of data from a substantial number of respondents (Saunders et al., 2016). Given the scope and purpose of the research, which seeks to explore human resource management practices across a broad spectrum of professionals in Nigerian organizations, the ability to reach a large sample size is paramount. This large sample size not only enhances the generalizability of findings but also contributes to the robustness and reliability of statistical analyses.
Moreover, the use of a survey research design in this context aligns with the practicality and accessibility required for a study involving busy professionals in various organizations (Saunders et al., 2019). It offers an organized and standardized approach to data collection, ensuring that responses from participants are consistent and can be quantitatively analyzed. This quantitative approach is vital for obtaining empirical insights into the diverse aspects of human resource management practices in Nigerian organizations. Therefore, the selection of the quantitative survey research design is a strategic and justified choice, facilitating the effective achievement of the study’s objectives.
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary of Findings
The study’s findings shed light on the perceptions and experiences of exercise scientists in Nigeria regarding the integration of emerging trends in exercise science into their training and practice, as well as their perspectives on the challenges and opportunities associated with these trends. This general summary of findings will provide an in-depth exploration of the key insights derived from the data collected, as presented in Tables 4.9 to 4.17.
Integration of Emerging Trends in Exercise Science: The study revealed varying perceptions among exercise scientists in Nigeria regarding the integration of emerging trends in exercise science into their training curricula. Table 4.9 showed that 57.4% of respondents agreed that the training curriculum adequately integrates these trends. However, 18.5% disagreed with this statement, indicating that there is room for improvement in the extent to which these trends are integrated.
Table 4.10 provided a nuanced perspective, with 85.2% of respondents agreeing that emerging trends are partially integrated into the training curriculum. This suggests that while there is recognition of some level of integration, it may not be comprehensive. These findings align with the concerns raised by the 18.5% in Table 4.9 who disagreed with the statement regarding adequate integration.
In contrast, Table 4.11 showed that 83.3% of respondents agreed that the training curriculum does not integrate emerging trends in exercise science. This result suggests a consensus among respondents that their training programs do not effectively incorporate these trends. These findings indicate a significant gap in the integration of emerging trends into the training of exercise scientists in Nigeria.
Application of Emerging Trends in Exercise Science: The study also explored the application of emerging trends in exercise science in the practice of exercise scientists in Nigeria. Table 4.12 revealed that 76.9% of respondents agreed that exercise scientists effectively apply these trends in their practice. This finding suggests a generally positive perception of the practical implementation of emerging trends. However, 15.7% were uncertain, indicating potential variability in the extent of application across professionals.
Table 4.13 provided a contrasting perspective, with 75.9% of respondents agreeing that exercise scientists inconsistently apply emerging trends. This suggests that there may be discrepancies in the application of these trends among professionals. Additionally, 10.2% disagreed with this statement, indicating a division of perspectives regarding the consistency of application.
Table 4.14 offered a more critical view, with 69.4% of respondents agreeing that exercise scientists rarely apply emerging trends in their practice. Moreover, 14.8% disagreed with this statement. These findings suggest that there may be a significant gap between the perceived application of trends and the actual utilization of emerging trends in practice.
Perceived Challenges and Opportunities: The study delved into exercise scientists’ perceptions of the challenges and opportunities associated with the adoption of emerging trends in exercise science in Nigeria. Table 4.15 indicated that 81.5% of respondents agreed that there are numerous opportunities and minimal challenges in embracing these trends. This suggests that many exercise scientists in Nigeria see a favourable environment for adopting emerging trends. However, 14.8% remained uncertain, indicating the need for a deeper examination of the specific opportunities and challenges identified.
Table 4.16 revealed a similar perspective, with 82.4% of respondents agreeing that there is a balance between opportunities and challenges. This finding aligns with the positive outlook revealed in Table 4.15, highlighting the perception of a balanced landscape. Nonetheless, 8.3% disagreed, suggesting that some exercise scientists may perceive more challenges than opportunities.
Lastly, Table 4.17 showed that 84.3% of respondents agreed that there are limited opportunities and substantial challenges in adopting emerging trends. This result contrasts with the optimism expressed in Tables 4.15 and 4.16. Notably, 11.1% remained uncertain, indicating some variability in perceptions among respondents.
The Summary of Findings: In summary, the findings of this study provide a multifaceted understanding of the state of exercise science in Nigeria concerning the integration and application of emerging trends. While there is a consensus on certain aspects, such as the limited integration of emerging trends into training curricula, there are divergent perspectives on the application of these trends and the associated challenges and opportunities.
The majority of respondents perceive that emerging trends are either partially integrated or not integrated at all into their training curricula. This suggests a need for curriculum reforms and updates to align with the evolving field of exercise science. Additionally, there is a divide in perceptions regarding the consistency of application of emerging trends in practice, with some respondents indicating inconsistencies or rare applications.
The study also highlights varying perspectives on the challenges and opportunities associated with the adoption of emerging trends. While some exercise scientists see numerous opportunities and minimal challenges, others perceive a more challenging landscape with limited opportunities. These differing viewpoints may reflect contextual factors and individual experiences within the field.
Overall, the findings suggest that there is room for improvement in the integration of emerging trends in exercise science education and practice in Nigeria. Addressing the identified gaps and challenges could enhance the capacity of exercise scientists to contribute effectively to public health and well-being in the country. Future research and policy initiatives can build upon these findings to further advance the field of exercise science in Nigeria.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the findings of this study, based on the results of the hypotheses tested, reveal important insights into the state of exercise science in Nigeria. The hypotheses were formulated to investigate the integration of emerging trends in exercise science into the training curriculum, the application of these trends in practice, and the perceived barriers to their adoption by exercise scientists in Nigeria.
Hypothesis 1, which stated that there is no significant integration of emerging trends in exercise science into the training curriculum of exercise scientists in Nigeria, was tested. The results, with a mean score of 93.00 and a standard error of 5.686, indicate that emerging trends are indeed incorporated into the training curriculum. This finding suggests a positive outlook for the integration of these trends in the educational aspect of exercise science.
Hypothesis 2 examined whether exercise scientists in Nigeria effectively apply emerging trends in exercise science in their practice. The mean score of 92.33 and a standard error of 0.667 show that exercise scientists do effectively apply emerging trends in their practice. This is a significant finding, as it underscores the practical relevance of these trends in addressing the health needs of the population.
Lastly, Hypothesis 3 aimed to determine whether there are significant barriers to the adoption of emerging trends in exercise science by exercise scientists in Nigeria. The results, with a mean score of 95.33 and a standard error of 1.764, suggest that there are minimal barriers to the adoption of these trends. This finding implies that exercise scientists in Nigeria perceive relatively favourable conditions for embracing emerging trends.
In summary, the study’s results provide evidence that emerging trends in exercise science are being integrated into the training curriculum and effectively applied in practice by exercise scientists in Nigeria. Furthermore, the perceived barriers to their adoption appear to be minimal. These findings collectively suggest a positive trajectory for the field of exercise science in Nigeria.
Recommendations
Based on the findings of this study the following recommendations were made:
Curriculum Enhancement: Collaborate with academic institutions to review and update the curriculum for exercise science programs, ensuring the seamless integration of emerging trends such as technology, holistic wellness, and cultural considerations. Regularly update course content to align with current industry practices.
Continuing Education: Encourage exercise scientists to engage in continuous professional development by attending workshops, seminars, and conferences focused on emerging trends. These opportunities will help them stay updated and acquire new skills to apply in their practice.
Mentorship Programs: Establish mentorship programs that connect experienced exercise scientists with novice professionals. Mentoring can provide valuable guidance on applying emerging trends effectively in practice and navigating potential challenges.
Professional Certifications: Promote the attainment of relevant certifications in exercise science and related fields. Certification programs can provide standardized training and ensure that exercise scientists meet industry standards.
Research and Publications: Encourage exercise scientists to engage in research activities and publish their findings in reputable journals. Research contributes to the generation of evidence-based practices and enhances the credibility of the field.
Interdisciplinary Collaboration: Foster collaboration between exercise scientists and other healthcare professionals, such as physical therapists, physicians, and nutritionists. Interdisciplinary teamwork can lead to more comprehensive and holistic approaches to health and wellness.
Policy Advocacy: Engage with policymakers and healthcare authorities to advocate for policies that support the integration of exercise science in healthcare settings. Lobby for the inclusion of exercise prescriptions and physical activity promotion in national health policies.
Public Awareness: Launch public awareness campaigns about the benefits of exercise and the role of exercise scientists in improving health outcomes. Educate the public about the importance of physical activity and its impact on preventing and managing chronic diseases.
Contribution to Knowledge
This study makes several significant contributions to the body of knowledge in the field of exercise science, particularly within the context of Nigeria. These contributions are rooted in the findings and results obtained from the research conducted, which shed light on various aspects of the profession and its integration of emerging trends.
One of the primary contributions of this study is the systematic assessment of the extent to which emerging trends in exercise science are integrated into the training curriculum of exercise scientists in Nigeria. By empirically examining this aspect, the study provides valuable insights into the alignment of academic programs with contemporary industry practices. This knowledge is instrumental in ensuring that exercise science education remains relevant and equips professionals with the skills needed to address current health challenges.
The study also delves into the application of emerging trends in exercise science within the practice of exercise scientists in Nigeria. By exploring how these professionals apply technology, holistic wellness principles, and cultural considerations in their work, the research offers a practical perspective on the state of exercise science in the country. This insight contributes to understanding the real-world challenges and opportunities faced by exercise scientists in delivering effective services to the Nigerian population.
Furthermore, the study’s examination of perceived barriers and facilitators to the adoption of emerging trends in exercise science is another noteworthy contribution. Identifying these factors can guide policymakers, educational institutions, and professionals in creating an environment conducive to embracing and implementing innovative approaches in exercise science. This understanding is vital for overcoming obstacles and leveraging opportunities for advancement in the field.
In addition to these specific contributions, the study also contributes to the broader discourse on the role of exercise science in addressing health challenges in developing nations. Nigeria, like many other countries, faces a growing burden of non-communicable diseases and health disparities. The findings of this research can inform strategies for improving public health outcomes by promoting evidence-based exercise interventions.
Moreover, by aligning its objectives with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the study underscores the importance of exercise science as a key component of achieving global health and well-being objectives. This perspective expands the relevance of the study beyond the national context, emphasizing the universal significance of integrating emerging trends in exercise science into education and practice.
In summary, this study contributes valuable empirical insights into the state of exercise science in Nigeria, focusing on curriculum integration, practical application, and the factors influencing the adoption of emerging trends. These findings have implications not only for Nigeria but also for similar developing nations striving to enhance their healthcare systems and address the growing challenges of non-communicable diseases. Ultimately, the study advances our understanding of the role of exercise science in promoting health and well-being in diverse cultural and socioeconomic contexts.
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