A Proposal on Satellite Television Programme Preference Among Residents of Jos South
Chapter One
Objectives of the Study
The following objectives will be ascertained
- To assess the influence of satellite television on the residents of Jos South.
- To find out the consequences of satellite Television programs on the residents of Jos South
- To find out whether why residents of Jos South prefer Satellite Television programmes to local Television programmes.
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
The Influence of Credibility on Viewer Preference and Choice of TV Channel
This study explores the relation between two seemingly divergent concepts that took different routes into the mass communication field. Credibility studies have been a part of mass communication research since the inception of scientific inquiry into the communication process (Self, 1996), whereas branding and CBBE are relatively new concepts still struggling for universal acceptance from media scholars and professionals (Brinkley, 1997). Psychologist Carl Hovland and his colleagues at the Yale Program of Research on Communication and Attitude Change conducted the seminal empirical studies on credibility in the 1940s. They sought to develop a systematic theory of persuasion and explored several attributes of source credibility that could produce desired attitude change in an audience (Lowery & DeFleur, 1995). The earliest credibility studies investigated the role of source credibility on attitude change and information learning and found that high credibility sources produced greater attitude changes than low credibility sources, but both high and low credibility sources were equally effective in information learning (Hovland, 1951; Hovland, Janis, & Kelley, 1953; Hovland & Weis, 1951). These studies provided the theoretical foundation for credibility research and defined the boundaries of the field. Subsequent studies have focused on the effects of source, medium, audience and message characteristics on credibility (Metzger et al., 2003). Because of privacy issues, content accuracy, reliability, and other related concerns, some observers have predicted a troubled future for online news. Johnson and Kaye (1998) reminded us that one of the basic characteristics of the Internet, its potential free access to everybody to upload information without much scrutiny, might affect the credibility of the medium as a source of information. Flanagin and Metzger (2000) noted that while newspapers, books, and television undergo a process of information verification before they reach the public, Internet sites do not always use such measures. The lack of editorial and gate keeping rules similar to those in the traditional print and broadcast news media is central to the problem. This, of course, is likely to increase the importance of branded online news sites such as CNN.com and perhaps emphasize the value of the so-called halo effect of an existing print or television news organization to its online equivalent, such as Time magazine and its Web counterpart, Time Online. Schweiger (1998) pointed out that credibility becomes an important heuristic for content selection at a time of information overload. Credibility may also influence the journalistic and commercial success of a medium (Schweiger, 2000). Online news industry observers and newspaper editors have expressed similar concerns over credibility, believability, ethical lapses, newsgathering techniques, and news presentation (Lasica, 2001; Arant & Anderson, 2000). These and numerous other professional issues are frequent topics of discussion and debate on the pages of the Online Journalism During the 1950s, competition from television provoked the industry to look at the various news media credibility in the eyes of the public (Mehrabi, Hassan, & Ali, 2009). In today‘s media environment, advent of the Internet as a new and widely used medium for the delivery of information raises the question of how to assess credibility of this medium (Wathen & Burkell, 2002). So, the focus of media credibility research is now more about medium effects such as differences between newspapers, television and online media (Newhagen & Nass, 1989). Media credibility, due to the deep penetration of the Internet, has received renewed attention in recent years (Wathen & Burkell, 2002). However, interest in newspaper credibility may reached in the highest point in the late 1980s, but the media credibility issue has recently been revived with the involvement of traditional media (for example, television and newspapers) in the Internet (Garrison, 2003). In sum, recent studies mostly focus on examining the credibility of the Internet with traditional media counterparts. For example, the result of a study on Perceptions of Internet information credibility, conducted by Flanagin and Metzger (2000), shows that the Internet information was as credible as television. Flanagin and Metzger (2000) also concluded that credibility among different types of information sought by audience members, such as news and entertainment, varied by media channels. What is important to explore people‘s evaluation of media credibility are factors those affecting the perception of media. In particular, media use considered as a predictor for understanding perception of media credibility (Lu & Andrews, 2006). However from several decades ago, some studies investigated the relationship between media use and media credibility (Bracken, 2006; Choi, Watt, &Lynch, 2006). But the findings of all previous studies about media use and credibility always are not fit together. However, several studies have shown positive correlation between media use and perceived media credibility (Kiouis, 2001). That is, those who use a particular media more often are those who perceive the credibility of these media positively than those who use this media less often (Rimmer &Weaver, 1987). On the other hand, it doesn‘t sound logical that a person spends time to seek information from a source he does not trust on. Generally, the findings of some studies are inconsistent with afore mentioned studies. Lu and Andrews (2006) also argue that media use was significantly related to credibility of newspaper, radio, magazine, and the Internet. But it was not consistent association between television viewing and its absolute credibility. However, the relationship between respondents‘ television viewing and their perceived credibility almost reached a considerable level. In general, credibility of television may refer to this notion that seeing is believing. Although the television is most destructive medium of entertainment, but it is necessary to distinguish between different information displayed through this medium when we want to access the credibility of television (Meyer, 1988).
The Influence of Ideology on Viewer Preference and Choice of TV Channel
Collins English Dictionary (2016) defines an ideology as a set of beliefs, especially the political beliefs on which people, parties, or countries base their action. From a viewership point of view, viewers are inclined to watch a TV station that tend to promotes their ideals, what the viewer believes to be valuable information and what they believe in or stand for. Ideologies are patterned clusters of normatively imbued ideas and beliefs, including particular representations of power relations. Known as various isms‘, these ideological maps help people navigate the complexity of their political universe and carry exclusivist claims to social truth (James & Steger, 2014).
Chapter Three
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
The researcher used descriptive research survey design in building up this project work. The choice of this research design was considered appropriate because of its advantages of identifying attributes of a large population from a group of individuals. The design was suitable for the study as the study sought to the satellite television programme preference among residents of Jos South
Chapter Four
METHOD OF DATA ANALYSIS
The researcher will employ oral and direct interview in administering this research questions. Responses from the respondents were needed unlike questionnaires, which is less rewarding due to late receipt and loss of responses from respondents. The method of data analysis that will be used by the researcher is the simple percentage. More so, percentage and degrees of the responses will also be used in the analysis. Here, the ratio of those whose responses were not in the affirmative will be found and conclusions will be drawn there upon. Representations of the level of responses will be made in tabular form.
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