A Proposal on Effect of Banditry on Academic Pursuit of Youth in Katsina State
CHAPTER ONE
Objectives of the Study
The main objective of this study is to investigate the Effect of Banditry On the Academic pursuit of youth in Katsina State
The specific objectives of the study were to:
- To investigate the effect of acts of banditry on academic pursuit of youth in Katsina.
- To examine the effect of loss of parents due to bandits activities on academic pursuit of youth in Katsina
- To analyze the influence of physical displacement of parents by bandits on academic pursuit of youth in Katsina.
- To examine the influence of attack on schools by bandits on students’ participation and academic performance.
CHAPTER TWO
Related literature review
Banditry
Banditry means occurrence or prevalence of armed robbery or violent crime. It involves the use of force, or threat to that effect, to intimidate a person with the intent to rob rape or kill. Banditry is a crime against persons. It has been a common genre of crime, as well as cause violence in contemporary societies (Nigeria Watch, 2011).The concept of banditry has been changing over time, space and circumstances. A bandit in the 19th century Europe and Americas was a freedom fighter whose aim was partly to ensure the emancipation of the downtrodden from the upper class or colonised over the colonizer (Warto,1994:128). Furthermore, bandits like Chucho el Roto, Herachio Bernel and Santanon were often celebrated as heroes of Mexican independence. Therefore, Mexicans have warm regards and respect for those “social workers” termed bandits, while on the contrary, the State often considered them as nuisance and outlaws that need to be eradicated (Michael Watts,1987:8).According to Rotberg (2007:33), “crime against persons, including murder, rape, and robbery has grown in scale and viciousness in Nigeria since 1999”. This has been demonstrated by the pervasive trend of armed robbery in the country, which in effect mirrors the Africa-wide experience. In this regard, Onimode opines that:
Car snatching robbery of homes and offices, way-laying of travellers (high-way robbery) are common forms of armed robbery in African countries. Their incidence has been rising since the African crises started in the 1980s (Onimode, 2001:37).
Therefore, in some pre-industrial societies peasants see bandits differently from the State not as outlaws, hoodlums and miscreants but as avengers and “bread winners”. However, a bandit in traditional African setting is entirely opposite to that of Americas and Europe, the former specialised in armed robbery and other related crimes (Curott & Fink, 2008:46). The most common feature of banditry in Africa has been maiming, killing and wanton destruction of properties and hence, it has a direct relationship with cattle rustling (Rufa’I, 2017:8). Since most herdsmen could do anything possible to prevent the rustling of their herds, then the bandit also apply force with the aid of Small Arms and Light Weapons (SALWs) to ensure effective stealing of livestock (Addo,2006:7). Hence, the application of force during livestock theft is what is herein considered banditry and dynamic operating pattern of crime.
Factors Promoting Banditry in Nigeria
Several factors have been adduced as the driving forces of banditry in Nigeria and most especially in the northwest region of the country. Drivers of banditry in northwestern Nigeria consist in some socio-existential conditions that characterise the interior as well as the frontiers of the region. Prominent among these conditions are the scarcely governed spaces- the hinterlands, forestlands and borderlines of the region. The northwestern hinterlands are marked by extremely dispersed rural settlements, separated by rangelands and farmlands that are susceptible to violent contestations (Gaye, 2018). They are also interspersed by diverse forested landscapes, some of which are dotted by wetlands, rocks and caves.
CHAPTER THREE
Education and Insecurity in Nigeria
Dambazau (2014) quoting Act 26 of 1948 on the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, sees education as not only a public good, it is also a human right that is essential for the exercise of all other human rights, especially in promoting individual freedom and empowerment. Zukang cited in Dambazau (2014) links education acquisition of genuine wealth and happiness whereas lack of it exacerbates one’s level of ignorance and leads to blunders, poverty, unhappiness, and sometimes the commission of crimes. To him, the relationship between lack of education, poverty and poor health conditions diminishes opportunities to social and economic advancement which often leads to criminality. Education is also essential in the military and para-military organizations which include the police that is saddled with the security of the nation. Dambazau (2014) stresses that education is used more as a strategic tool for advancement of technology needed for nation’s economic and socio-cultural development. In the military, it helps the armed forces to appraise situations; to estimate the battlefield; to examine the courses of action; to interpret the international environment; to project future warfare and design the battlefield; and requirement to analyze security threats. Education in the military is not all about warfare, it also contributes to national development, and at the same time enhances national security. Dike (2003) submits that the socio-political and economic development of a nation and or her health are in many ways determined by the quality and level of educational attainment of the population. He, however, laments that the state of education in Nigeria cannot produce the critical and creative minds Nigeria needs to guide and manage democratic system and survive as a viable nation. Lack of quality education and unemployment in Nigeria would contribute to many social ills, including crime, prostitution, and the breakdown of law and order. He suggested that education in Nigeria should be treated as a public-health issue, thus: without treating education as a public-health issue that requires serious attention, the youths will continue to receive inferior education; they will continue to suffer mass unemployment and armed bandits will continue to rise; the society will continue to have illiterates and mediocres as political leaders; the society will continue to have political parties without ideology, and Nigeria will continue to fall behind economically, socially and politically. From the foregoing, it is neither exaggeration nor understatement to say that the higher a nation attains education, the stronger the nation’s security. Hence, education contributes to the security of the nation.
CHAPTER FOUR
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
The researcher used descriptive research survey design in building up this project work. The choice of this research design was considered appropriate because of its advantages of identifying attributes of a large population from a group of individuals. The design was suitable for the study as the study sought to effect of banditry on academic pursuit of youth in Katsina state
Advertisements
METHOD OF DATA ANALYSIS
The researcher will employ oral and direct interview in administering this research questions. Responses from the respondents were needed unlike questionnaires, which is less rewarding due to late receipt and loss of responses from respondents. The method of data analysis that will be used by the researcher is the simple percentage. More so, percentage and degrees of the responses will also be used in the analysis. Here, the ratio of those whose responses were not in the affirmative will be found and conclusions will be drawn there upon. Representations of the level of responses will be made in tabular form.
CHAPTER FIVE
References
- Abbas, I.M. (2013). ‘No Retreat No Surrender Conflict for Survival between Fulani Pastoralist and Farmers in Northern Nigeria’ European Scientific Journal, 8(1): 17-18
- Addo, P. (2006). Cross-Border Criminal Activities in West, Africa: Options for Effective Responses, Kofi Annan International Peace Keeping Training Centre Cantonments, Accra Ghana.
- Akinbi, S. (2015). “The impact of Insecurity on Livelihood and Social service Provision in Kotido District”, InHuman Development Report Office Occasional Paper.New York:United Nations Development Programme.
- Ameh, C. G. (2018). Amnesty International Reveals How Many Nigerians Fulani Herdsmen Killed in 2018. Daily Post. Retrieved from http://dailypost.ng
- Ammerdown, G. (2016). Rethinking Security: A Discussion Paper. Accessed on line at rethinkingsecurity.org.uk
- Anyadike, N. O. (2013). Boko Haram and national security challenges in Nigeria: Causes and solutions. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 4(5). Retrieved from: http://www.iiste.org
- Chandler, R. (2007). Democratisation and security in Africa. African Security Review, 6(5): 15-40.
- Curott, N.A. and Fink,A. D.(2010). Bandit Heroes: Social, mythical or rational.The American Journal of Economics and Sociology, Available online at ……
- Divsallar, O.O. (2014). Conflict between Fulani Hausa and Farmers in Central and Southern Nigeria: Discourse on Propose Establishment of grazing Routes and Resources.
