Analysis of Food Security and Poverty Status Among Households in Ehime Mbano.
Chapter One
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
- To profer an analysis of food security and poverty status among household
- To determine food security and poverty status among household in Ehime Mbano
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
INTRODUCTION
Food security in a broad sense consists of having at all times an adequate level of basic products to meet increasing consumption demand and mitigate fluctuations in output and prices. According to Moharjan and Chetri (2006), food security is widely seen as access by all people at all times to enough food for an active life, while food insecurity is the inability of a household or individuals to meet the required consumption levels in the face of fluctuating production, price and income.
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
At the national level, food security exists when all people at all times have the physical and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and food preferences for active and healthy life, while at the household level, food security implies physical and economic access to food that is adequate in terms of quantity, safety and cultural accessibility, to meet each person’s need (Ingawa, 2002). A country can be said to be enjoying food security when people’s fear of not having enough to eat is removed and the most vulnerable group, namely women and children, in the marginal areas have access to adequate quality of food they want. According to the World Bank (1986), food security refers to access to food resources by each individual at all times for healthy and active life. Food demand in Nigeria has generally grown faster than either food production or total supply. C. B. N. (2001) reported that the rate of increase in food production of 2.5 percent per annum does not keep pace with the annual population growth rate of 2.8 percent per annum. Fakiyesi (2001) also maintained that Nigeria’s domestic food supply has been far short of the need of the population. This could result in reduced consumption among the poor. The urban poor in particular are lacking in education, basic technical skills and unemployment. Consequently these category of persons belong to the low – income groups and are therefore most vulnerable to food insecurity. Given the high cost of social services, nutritional level and food purchasing capacity tend to deteriorate as relatively large proportion of income goes to meeting these social services (Olayemi, 1998). Ali (1994) stated that the African poor have common characteristics of facing the most severe difficulties in relation to production of food and access to food market which make them most vulnerable to food security crisis. In Nigeria, the issue of food in security is of a major concern. This is particularly more in the northern Sudan Savannah and Sahel zones which have the highest prevalence of under nutrition (FAO, 1998) and where the study area lies. Fakiyesi (2001) also estimated that about 66% of Nigeria’s populations live below poverty line as portrayed by their level of food security.
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
INTRODUCTION
This chapter describes the various methods and techniques used to collect and analyze the data gathered for the study to gain a deeper understanding of the topic under study.
The data collection stage is important since the result of the analysis is dependent on the quality of the data obtained. Therefore, the method selected for data collection must be the most appropriate to assist in achieving the objectives of the study:
In this case, it is to be used to determine the real status of employee involvement, causes of low employee involvement or participation in the decision-making process; determine the consequences of low employee involvement in decision-making on the implementation of management decisions.
It is also to be used to identify ways to arrest this problem in order to improve organizational performance and explore how employees can be involved and the result of involving employees in decision-making as well as make recommendations on how to improve the involvement of employees in decision-making.
RESEARCH DESIGN
The type of research design for this study is exploratory and it is conducted because a problem has not been clearly defined. It helps to determine the best research design, data collection method and selection of subjects.
This is the best approach if one aims at clarifying understanding of a problem by three Primary ways which are Literature Research, talking to experts in the area of study and
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
This chapter is devoted to the presentation, analysis and interpretation of the data gathered in the course of this study. The data used for this study is secondary data from the central bank of Nigeria 2012 statistical bulletin. The data are been analyzed using regression.
4.1 Data Presentation and Analysis
CHAPTER FIVE
FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
The objectives of the study was to
- To examine the effect of poverty on agricultural output in Nigeria
- To study the effect of poverty level and unemployment level on sustainable agricultural output in Nigeria.
- To know if there is a relationship between the poverty level and unemployment level.
REFERENCES
- Ali, D. (1994): Executive Summary and Introduction: Food and Food Security in Africa. Food and Agricultural Organisation of the United Nations, Rome, Italy.
- Amaza, P.S., Umeh, J.C., Hesen, J. and Adejobi, A.O. (2006). Determinants and Measurement of Food Insecurity in Nigeria: Some Empirical Policy Guide. Paper Presented at the International Association of Agricultural Economists’ Conference, Gold Coast, Australia, August 12-26.
- Anyanwu, A. C., Agwu, A. E. and Musa, A. P. (2001): Adoption of Gender Specific Innovation by Women in State, Journal of Agricultural Extension 5, 64-72.
- Byerlee, D. and C. K. Eichereds (1997): Africa’s emerging maize revolution. Boulder, Colo – U.S.A. Iynne Reiner.
- Bzugu, P.M., Gwary, M.M. and Idrisa, Y. (2005).Impact of Extension Services on Rural Poverty Alleviation among Farmers in AskiraUba Local Government Area, Borno State.Sahela Analyst, 7(1&2), 94-102.
- C.B.N. (2001): Economic and Financial Review vol. 36 No. 1.
- F.A.O. (1998):Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations. Energy for sustainable Development and Food Security in Africa.Food and Agricultural Organisation of the United Nations, Rome, Italy.
- F.A.O. (2004).Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations. The State of Food Insecurity in the World: Monitoring progress toward the world food submit and Millenium Development Goals. Rome, F.A.O. F.A.O. (2005).Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations. FAOSTAT, Statistical Database. Rome, FAO.
