The Role and Contributions of Production and Marketing of Fisheries in Poverty-Isolated Emerging Communities in Nigeria
Chapter One
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The objectives of the study are;
- To ascertain the role of contribution of production and marketing of fisheries in poverty-isolated emerging communities in Nigeria
- To ascertain the prospect of fisheries marketing in poverty reduction in communities in Nigeria
- To examine the relationship between the production and marketing of fisheries and poverty-isolated emerging communities in Nigeria
CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
INTRODUCTION
This chapter reviews the literature on the role and contributions of production and marketing of fisheries in poverty isolated emerging communities in Nigeria. It discusses issues relating to the subject of discourse from different perspectives, with a view of giving a theoretical and empirical foundation to the study
Investigating Poverty among Fishers and Fishing Communities
Bene’s widely-cited work, published in World Development, drew attention to the dearth of references to fishers and fishing communities in the burgeoning literature on poverty. He concluded that such underrepresentation was attributable to a research agenda that had historically emphasized the biological aspects of fisheries, while research examining the social and institutional relations between fisheries and poverty was much less well developed. This oversight is indeed symptomatic of much of the literature, with fisher poverty generally being inferred rather than proven: as was the case in Gordon’s seminal paper of 1954. van Dusseldorp and Weerackody, Bailey et al., Brack and Silberling, for example, all simply proceed with their respective arguments and policy recommendations on the basis that net incomes within the (small-scale) fisheries sector are relatively low and participants are poor. The ‘fisher equals poverty’ hypothesis is firmly embedded in many contemporary FAO national fisheries profiles, and is also restated in the most recent Technical Guideline for Responsible Fisheries. Yet hard data, as Willmann notes, to show that small-scale fishermen live close to, or below, the poverty line and/or are among the lowest socio-economic groups has, historically, been rather more limited. A notable exception in this regard was the work by Panayotou et al., Fredericks et al. and Kurien and Willmann in the early 1980s, which employed cost and earnings data to determine the economic status of small-scale fish units in Thailand, Malaysia and Kerala, respectively. More recently, Herrin and Racelis have used socio-economic survey data to determine that 95.3% of the 718 267 Filipino fisher households belong to the low-income group, while Teh and Sumaila also show that mean net incomes of Malaysian fisherfolk at Pulau Banggi are below the national poverty line. However, Allison synthesized household income studies from Malawi, Uganda and Kenya which showed that fishing households earned higher incomes than non-fishing households in lakeshore villages, while Mkenda’s research found that artisanal fishers were better off than peasant farmers in Zanzibar [18]. A six-country (Bangladesh, India, Malaysia, the Philippines, Senegal and Tanzania) study by Tietze et al. has also cast doubt on the ‘fisher equals poverty’ hypothesis, disclosing that in five of the countries, not only was the average annual household income of fisherfolk households significantly higher than that of households in neighbouring agricultural villages, but savings rates were higher too. It is becoming clear that the relative and absolute poverty of fisher folk can be expected to vary by country, by fishery, and even within each fishery, and that broad generalizations are thus unhelpful, even if they are motivated by a desire to attract greater investment in poverty reduction in fishing-dependent communities.
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research design
The researcher used descriptive research survey design in building up this project work the choice of this research design was considered appropriate because of its advantages of identifying attributes of a large population from a group of individuals. The design was suitable for the study as the study the role and contributions of production and marketing of fisheries in poverty isolated emerging communities in Nigeria
Sources of data collection
Data were collected from two main sources namely:
(i)Primary source and
(ii)Secondary source
Primary source:
These are materials of statistical investigation which were collected by the research for a particular purpose. They can be obtained through a survey, observation questionnaire or as experiment; the researcher has adopted the questionnaire method for this study.
Secondary source:
These are data from textbook Journal handset etc. they arise as byproducts of the same other purposes. Example administration, various other unpublished works and write ups were also used.
Population of the study
Population of a study is a group of persons or aggregate items, things the researcher is interested in getting information on the role and contributions of production and marketing of fisheries in poverty isolated emerging communities in Nigeria. 200 residents in selected communities in Brass local government in Bayelsa state was selected randomly by the researcher as the population of the study.
CHAPTER FOUR
PRESENTATION ANALYSIS INTERPRETATION OF DATA
Introduction
Efforts will be made at this stage to present, analyze and interpret the data collected during the field survey. This presentation will be based on the responses from the completed questionnaires. The result of this exercise will be summarized in tabular forms for easy references and analysis. It will also show answers to questions relating to the research questions for this research study. The researcher employed simple percentage in the analysis.
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Introduction
It is important to ascertain that the objective of this study was to ascertain the role and contributions of production and marketing of fisheries in poverty isolated emerging communities in Nigeria. In the preceding chapter, the relevant data collected for this study were presented, critically analyzed and appropriate interpretation given. In this chapter, certain recommendations made which in the opinion of the researcher will be of benefits in addressing the challenge of contributions of production and marketing of fisheries in poverty isolated emerging communities in Nigeria
Summary
This study was on the role and contributions of production and marketing of fisheries in poverty isolated emerging communities in Nigeria. Three objectives were raised which included: To ascertain the role of contribution of production and marketing of fisheries in poverty isolated emerging communities in Nigeria, to ascertain the prospect of fisheries marketing in poverty reduction in communities in Nigeria, to examine the relationship between production and marketing of fisheries and poverty isolated emerging communities in Nigeria. In line with these objectives, two research hypotheses were formulated and two null hypotheses were posited. The total population for the study is 200 residents of selected communities in Brass local government of Bayelsa state. The researcher used questionnaires as the instrument for the data collection. Descriptive Survey research design was adopted for this study. A total of 133 respondents made men, women, fishers and youths were used for the study. The data collected were presented in tables and analyzed using simple percentages and frequencies
Conclusion
Fish consumption seems to be increasing all over the world. Fish and fish products are becoming popular among the youngsters. The medicinal features of fish products should be explored to the consumers. The problems of fish marketing need to be solved by the Government and the co-operative society by increasing its quality of services. It results in the enhancement of level of satisfaction of fishermen towards the society. The role of cooperative fisheries in the provision of various services to the fishing community is considered remarkable. The infrastructure facility like storage facility, transportation facility, etc. should be improved so that the quality of the product can be maintained to the maximum
Recommendation
Government should provide infrastructure to those living in communities for good access road for easy transportation of goods
Improve the extension and development approaches used for rural aquaculture, including: a holistic, farming systems-based approach integrating aquaculture into rural livelihoods; a participatory, needs-based approach that takes full account of the capacity of the poor, the resources available to them, and the risks they face; farmer-led extension and research; and promotion of sustainable, appropriate technologies commensurate with the resources available
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