Pipelines Vandalization: Implication on the Economic Development in Nigeria
CHAPTER ONE
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
Due to the concurrent issues of vandalization in the country, which the leaders of this country does nothing about it, the researcher seek to bring to the notice of the country, the citizen of this great country the implication of this incidence to the economic development of our nation.
Also, the objectives of the researcher in this study is that at the end of this research work it will help and bring an end to this issues, as it will educate the masses the importance of securing their property because this assess are part of the nation’s own which every one of this nation is part of.
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
INTRODUCTION
According to Owojori (2002), review of literature on a research study involves re-examining the extent to which previous studies have been carried out in an area in which one is interested in investigating.
In this chapter, the researcher shall be looking more on the review of previous study on the topic pipelines vandalisation: implication on the economic development. This chapter will be arranging in the following format source of literature, review of concept, review of related work, theoretical framework, empirical studiesand summary.
SOURCES OF LITERATURE
In carrying out this study the researcher was not restricted to computer science texts only. Rather, the topic of this research study revolves around some area in economical sciences like Economy and Political science of which texts in the discipline are consulted and lot more.
It also involves experts opinion, newspapers, commentaries and some journals on related field is also consulted in order to cover all necessary segments that make up the topic of the study.
REVIEW OF CONCEPT
OIL PIPELINE VANDALISM
Vandalism is an action involving deliberate destruction of public or private property. Within the civic domain, vandalism denotes willful destruction of public or government property in keeping with criminal or political intent. Oil pipeline vandalism therefore implies deliberate breaking of oil pipelines with the intent to steal petroleum products or to sabotage the government (Vidal, 2011).
In Nigeria, oil pipeline vandalism has been perpetrated principally by criminal syndicates who are motivated by the desire to loot oil products for material aggrandizement. This organized crime is often aided and ablated by the state agents, which gives it a semblance of a franchise. Oil pipeline vandalism is also known in Nigeria as oil bunkering, which is the act of drilling into the pipelines with the intent to steal products.
NATIONAL SECURITY
The conception of national security in this paper indentifies with the revisionist thinking on the subject matter (Gambo, 2008; Onuoha, 2007), which sees national security from the point of view of human security. According to Onuoha (2007, p.4), human
Security entails:
Freedom from actual and potential threats to human life, safety and survival which may arise as a result of human actions or inactions, or from natural disaster such as flood, earthquake, famine, drought, disease and other non-man-made calamitous events resulting in death, human suffering and material damage.
National security is therefore understood in the context of this writing to mean the ability of the state to protect its citizenry from hunger, poverty, ignorance, disease, and all forms of defenselessness (Okoli, 2012).
This entails protecting the citizenry from all forms of social, political, ecological, territorial, as well as cosmic vulnerabilities. This conception of national security marks a radical departure from the orthodox perspective which conceives of national security merely from defense/military-centric point of view (Alkali, 2003).
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
INTRODUCTION
The research methodology covers the research design, the target population, sample size determination, description of sampling procedure, research instruments and statistical techniques, sources of data, and method of data analysis. It also covers the validation and reliability test.
RESEARCH DESIGN
Oxford Advanced English Dictionary (7th edition) defines survey as an investigation of the opinions or experience of a group of people, based on a series of questions. Survey Research method according to Okoye (2006) says “survey” means looking carefully, investigating, and examining something, people or events, toward finding facts, behavior or opinion of the whole of it.
For the purpose of this research, survey method would be used. This is the best method that can be adopted to get objective and accurate dated in order to arrive at valid, testable and veritable conclusion.
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA PRESENTATION, DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
This chapter is devoted to the presentation, analysis and interpretation of the data gathered in the course of this study. The data are based on the number of copies of the questionnaire completed and returned by the respondents. The data are presented in tables and the analysis is done using the chi-square test.
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Due to the concurrent issues of vandalization in the country, which the leaders of this country does nothing about it, the researcher seek to bring to the notice of the country, the citizen of this great country the implication of this incidence to the economic development of our nation.
Also, the objectives of the researcher in this study is that at the end of this research work it will help and bring an end to this issues, as it will educate the masses the importance of securing their property because this assess are part of the nation’s own which every one of this nation is part of.
FINDINGS
From the responses of the respondents we found out that:
- the poverty level in Nigeria have effect on the pipe lines vandalization.
- Pipe lines vandalization have significant effect on the economic growth and development in Nigeria.
- the implication of pipe line vandalization is drastic to the country economy
- Pipelines vandalization is life threatning
- Pipe lines vandalization have significant effect on the economic growth and development in Nigeria.
CONCLUSION
Based on the data analysis, we above we conclude that Pipe lines vandalization have significant effect on the economic growth and development in Nigeria; pipeline vandalization is also life threatning.
RECOMMENDATION
From the information garthered from the responses of the respondents and analysis, we recommend that:
- the federal government of Nigeria should increase the security level at the areas of these pipelines.
- there should always be a program warning people about the dangers of pipeline vandalization
- there should be a purnishment in terms of jail sentence for any one caught trying to vandalize the pipelines.
REFERENCES
- Alkali, A.R. (2003). International relations and Nigeria foreign policy (2nd edition). Kaduna: Northpoint Publishers.
- Googlesearch (2013). “Oil spills in Nigeria”.http://www.legal.com/news.asp%3fmonth%… (retrieved, June 6, 2013).
- Ilagha,c.(2007).’’Resource control and the Niger Delta Crisis “M.Sc. Thesis submitted to the Department of Political Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria (January)
- Lyman, P.M.G (2007). Organized crime (fourth edition). Prentice-Hall. Person Education, Inc.
- Mallory’s. (2007). Theories on the continued existence of organized crime. Sudbury, Massachusetts: Jones and Bartlet Publishers.
- NEITI (2013). Annual Report of the Nigerian Extractive Industry Transparency Initiative, NEITI, Nigeria.
- NNPC (2000).Report of the Special Committee on the Review of Petroleum Product Supply and Distribution, Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation.
- NNPC (2011). 2011 Draft Annual Statistical Bulletin; http:www.eia.gove/countries/cab.cfm?fips=Ni (Accessed April 7, 2013)
- Nwoye, K. (2000). Corruption, leadership and dialectics of development in Africa. Enugu; Associated Printers and Litho.
- Nurberger, K. (1999). Prosperity, poverty and pollution: Managing the approaching crisis. New York Zed Books
