Effects of Instructional Materials in Teaching and Learning Biology Case Study of Tarauni Local Government Kano
CHAPTER ONE
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The objectives of the study are;
- To examine the influence of instructional material utilisation on the teaching of Biology in Senior Secondary Schools in tarauni local government, Kano
- To ascertain the extent to which Senior Secondary School student’s learning of Biology can be influenced by the use of instructional materials
- To determine whether there will be any difference in the academic performance of secondary schools students in Biology due to the use of instructional materials
CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
TEACHER MADE INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS
Teaching basic science in crisis situation means teaching and learning of chemistry or any of the basic sciences in austere economy. The austere condition may arise as a result of the following (i) war time (ii) population explosion in schools (iii) economic recession and (iv) high cost of science materials. Teacher made resource (instructional) materials refer to improvisation. Omiko (2007) stated that improvisation in austere period is very fundamental and crucial because it reasonably reduces cost of procuring new and imported materials. Students learn the working principles in the improvised materials they make or help teachers to make; it creates and develops technological awareness in the students. Owo (2009) observed that the quest for teacher made materials (improvisation) began in response to the scarcity and expensiveness of science equipment in Nigeria. Hence the improvisation of some of the science instructional materials from locally available material will help to get enough science teaching materials for the growing number of secondary schools in Nigeria. Omiko (2015) opined that many institutions of higher learning have set up Department of Educational Technology aimed at training teachers in the production and use of different software and hardware materials. In some cases the difficulties encountered in purchasing and improvising instructional materials make some science teachers to change their attitude and interest towards science subjects. Davies in Omiko (2015) and Owo (2009) noted that Educational Technologies normally concern themselves with the choice of designing and creating better in instructional materials which help science teachers to be more efficient instructional delivery. Brown (1969) and Okpala (1991) suggested that science teachers should not use inadequate instructional materials and equipment as an excuse to resort to poor teaching, instead they should learn to improvise the essential instructional materials required in teaching their subjects. Dike (1989) observed that the essence of producing instructional materials is to facilitate the teachinglearning process properly if science skills are to be acquired. The fact that science is a living subject and practical in nature coupled with the impact of population explosion in schools, information and knowledge explosion in science as well as demand for science education in the country necessitated huge material resource requisition for science teaching, Maduabum (1990).
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research design
The researcher used descriptive research survey design in building up this project work the choice of this research design was considered appropriate because of its advantages of identifying attributes of a large population from a group of individuals. The design was suitable for the study as the study sought to effects of instructional materials in teaching and learning biology case study of tarauni local government kano
Sources of data collection
Data were collected from two main sources namely:
Primary source and Secondary source
Primary source:
These are materials of statistical investigation which were collected by the research for a particular purpose. They can be obtained through a survey, observation questionnaire or as experiment; the researcher has adopted the questionnaire method for this study.
Secondary source:
These are data from textbook Journal handset etc. they arise as byproducts of the same other purposes. Example administration, various other unpublished works and write ups were also used.
CHAPTER FOUR
PRESENTATION ANALYSIS INTERPRETATION OF DATA
Introduction
Efforts will be made at this stage to present, analyze and interpret the data collected during the field survey. This presentation will be based on the responses from the completed questionnaires. The result of this exercise will be summarized in tabular forms for easy references and analysis. It will also show answers to questions relating to the research questions for this research study. The researcher employed simple percentage in the analysis.
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Introduction
It is important to ascertain that the objective of this study was on effects of instructional materials in teaching and learning biology case study of tarauni local government kano. In the preceding chapter, the relevant data collected for this study were presented, critically analyzed and appropriate interpretation given. In this chapter, certain recommendations made which in the opinion of the researcher will be of benefits in addressing the challenges of instructional materials in teaching and learning biology case study of tarauni local government kano
Summary
This study was on effects of instructional materials in teaching and learning biology case study of tarauni local government kano. Three objectives were raised which included: To examine the influence of instructional material utilisation on the teaching of Biology in Senior Secondary Schools in tarauni local government, Kano, to ascertain the extent to which Senior Secondary School student’s learning of Biology can be influenced by the use of instructional materials and to determine whether there will be any difference in the academic performance of secondary schools students in Biology due to the use of instructional materials. In line with these objectives, two research hypotheses were formulated and two null hypotheses were posited. The total population for the study is 200 staff of selected secondary schools in tarauni local government kano. The researcher used questionnaires as the instrument for the data collection. Descriptive Survey research design was adopted for this study. A total of 133 respondents made principals, vice principals administration, senior staffs and junior staffs were used for the study. The data collected were presented in tables and analyzed using simple percentages and frequencies
5.3 Conclusion
Student’s improvised instructional material compared to conventional materials with lower mean scores; there was significant difference in the mean score of students taught using students improvised instructional material and those taught using conventional instructional materials; there was no significant difference in the mean achievement scores of male and female students in biology; there was significant difference in the mean achievement scores of urban and rural students in biology. The interaction effect of method and gender on students mean achievement scores in Biology was, therefore, not statistically significant. The interaction effect of method and location on students’ mean achievement scores in Biology was, therefore, not statistically significant.
Recommendation
- The teaching of Biology in secondary school should be conducted in a manner that students will effectively understand and learn the concept taught. It should be practical as the use of improvised instructional materials has play greater role in students’ achievement.
- Teacher should try to improvise instructional materials and encourage students to do the same. This will gives students enough understanding of Biology concepts as the child’s local environment will be use to source for the materials.
- There should be cordial relationship between policy makers and schools for the provision of essential resource materials, like laboratory, glass wares, reagents, microscope, burner, etc
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