Automated Data Based for Recharge Cards
Chapter One
Aim and Objective(s) of the Study
The purpose of this study was to develop an automated database for recharge cards in “Emmywill Communication”.
The objectives are:
- To automate the database for recharge cards.
- To ensure adequate circulation of the finished product,
- To facilitate the services of the company to its customers.
- To control the rate of wasting time in the company.
CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
The Global System for Mobile (GSM) was first introduced in 1992 with approximately 23 million subscribers, rising to over 200 million in 1999 on over 300 GSM networks. The aim was to provide a global mobile telephone network that could be implemented using standard building blocks not tied to specific hardware vendors. The uptake of GSM by subscribers is far higher than any industry predictions and typifies the increasing need for personal mobility. The 1st generation GSM mobile telephone networks provide subscribers with high quality voice communications and low bandwidth (9.6Kb/sec) data connections for FAX, Short Message Service (SMS) and full dial-in connection to the Internet for email and web browsing, usually requiring a mobile computer or intelligent handset. The addition of overlay communication protocols, such as Wireless Application Protocol (WAP), allow mobile handsets on 1st Generation networks to be used for secure connection applications such as mobile banking and other transaction based services.
International roaming agreements between the numerous mobile telephone network providers allow subscribers to be reachable almost anywhere in the world where there is GSM coverage using the same telephone number and handset. Satellite based services allow GSM subscribers to further expand their network coverage and availability using the same mobile communications infrastructure. The increasing use of mobile telephones and devices for data communication drives the need from the market for a fast, reliable and available infrastructure. GSM proposes to provide the required infrastructure using 2nd and 3rd generation Systems which introduce new technology that allows increased data bandwidths and new data services. 2nd generation system introduces the General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) and 3rd generation introduces the Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS).
In order to charge for mobile telephony services the network operator has to first capture the network usage of all of the network’s users including subscribers and roaming subscribers. This usage data then needs to be processed and then set against the billing and charging models and tariffs in use. The Mobile Switching Centers (MSC) in the Operational Network (ON) produces the billing tickets for all the calls made in the mobile network. Figure 1 below describes the call-flow for mobile to mobile calls and billing ticket generation in a typical 1st Generation mobile telephone network. The MSCs produced billing tickets need to be collected and then processed centrally so that the subscriber bills can be produced.
CHAPTER THREE
Project Methodology
The flow chart in Figure 3 shows the proposed online recharge system where the Central Voucher Server is eliminated from the recharge flow chart. This reduces the burden on the already limited bandwidth and also prevent the extra cost of recharge card production and the burden of randomly generate numbers and the consequent huge database for the vouchers.
CHAPTER FOUR
RESULTS AND IMPLEMENTATION
System Algorithm Step 1
Users choose the network of their choice from the various available networks and then enter the MSISDN to be credited. After the MSISDN is entered there is an authentication to verify the MSISDN.
CHAPTER FIVE
Conclusion
The study was carried out on automated data based for recharge cards. The online recharge solution system can also be improved and made operational by integrating it with the network operators’ users and central voucher servers directly. Further work in this area include the mathematical modeling of the various charging models on simulated mobile network data, covering both voice and Internet data services. The future work will include the examining of combined charging models and the resultant effect on the income of the Mobile network providers. The cost impact on different types of subscribers using the mobile networks will also be investigated. There will always be a trade-off between the complexity of the billing system to be implemented and supported and the advantage the network provider will receive for having the systems in place. Fixed price charging schemes reduce the overhead of the charging and billing systems infrastructure, as they tend to provide the simplest charging scenarios. Usage based charging models provide incremental and harder to predict income for the network providers as well as requiring high investment in the charging and billing infrastructure required. This includes increased cost in network traffic involved in the collection of the billing data required.
References
- Odlyzko., “Paris Metro Pricing: The Minimalist Differentiated Services Solution”, AT&T Laboratories Research, April 1999.
- Brasche, B. Walke., “Concepts, Services, and Protocols of the New GSM Phase 2+ General Packet Radio Service”, IEEE Comms Magazine, August 1997, pp 94-104.
- Cai and D.J. Goodman, “General Packet Radio Service in GSM”, IEEE Comms. Magazine, October 1997, pp 122-130.
- Clark, “A Model for Cost Allocation and Pricing in the Internet”, MIT Workshop on Internet Economics, March 1995.
- Shenker, D. Clark, D. Estrin, S. Herzog., “Pricing in Computer Networks: Reshaping the Research Agenda”, ACM Computer Communication Review. 26 1996, pp 19-43 [6]GSM Association – http://www.gsmworld.com/
