Nutritional Behavior of a Pregnant Woman
CHAPTER ONE
OBJECTIVES OF STUDY
The aim of this study is to know the implication of nutrition on maternal child health among pregnant women in Alimosho Local Government area as a case study. In achieving this, the following will be looked into,
- To find out the role of nutrition in pregnancy.
- Which diet and lifestyle habit contribute to a successful pregnancy outcome.
- To understand the changes, that occurs m the body during pregnancy and the nutrient needed.
- The view of respondents as regards the need for nutrition in pregnancy.
- To plan an adequate balanced diet for the pregnant women.
CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Introduction
During pregnancy, nutritional requirements are altered due to the synthesis of new tissues, the energy requirements associated with this growth, and variations in the intake of various nutrients [1]. thus, pregnancy is a period of increased metabolic needs, due to physiological changes in pregnant women and the needs of the fetus [2]. Vitamins, minerals and trace elements, commonly known as micronutrients, are major determinants of the health of pregnant women and the fetus [2]. therefore, women, especially during their first pregnancy, tend to improve their eating habits [3]. A healthy diet during pregnancy is defined in the same way as in any other period of life by various, tasty and little processed foods; Fruits and vegetables; Fresh and high fiber products; Nutritious fish and fats and a limited supply of foods with low nutritional value [3]. The published literature shows that most pregnant women consume three meals a day, one or more snacks in the afternoon or evening [4]. Thus, socio-demographic factors such as age, employment and education affect food behaviour [5]. Similar results were found for employment and economic status as there is a significant trend in dietary behaviour [6]. Regarding body mass index (BMI), pregnant women with a high BMI have disordered eating behaviour [7]. With regard to the consumption of alcohol, alcoholic beverages, cigarettes, coffee, tea and “fast food”, several studies have shown a significant decrease in the consumption of these products since this consumption may have severe and permanent effects on the fetus [8-11].
In addition, nutritional status is the process of food acquisition and consumption. Thus, a diversified diet is associated with good nutritional status. The data indicate that the nutritional status of the mother before and during pregnancy plays a crucial role in the growth and development of the fetus [1]. Therefore, to evaluate the nutritional status of pregnant women, an anthropometric, clinical, biochemical and dietary assessment must be completed [12]. Thus, the primary goal of our study is to evaluate the eating behaviour of pregnant women to compare with the food pyramid during this period of life. As well as the anthropometric parameters and the laboratory tests necessary to assess the nutritional status of pregnant women, in order to develop a global idea related to their nutritional status and to detect any state of deficiencies or excesses.
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research design
The researcher used descriptive research survey design in building up this project work the choice of this research design was considered appropriate because of its advantages of identifying attributes of a large population from a group of individuals. The design was suitable for the study as the study sought to examine nutritional behaviour of pregnant women.
Sources of data collection
Data were collected from two main sources namely:
Primary source and Secondary source
Primary source:
These are materials of statistical investigation which were collected by the research for a particular purpose. They can be obtained through a survey, observation questionnaire or as experiment; the researcher has adopted the questionnaire method for this study.
Secondary source:
These are data from textbook Journal handset etc. they arise as byproducts of the same other purposes. Example administration, various other unpublished works and write ups were also used.
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
Introductions
Data analysis
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
INTRODUCTION
It is important to reiterate that the objective of this study was to examine the Effect of Human Resource Planning on Organizational Performance. In the preceding chapter, the relevant data collected for this study were presented, critically analyzed and appropriate interpretation given. In this chapter, certain recommendations made which in the opinion of the researcher will be of benefits in evaluating examine the Effect of Human Resource Planning on Organizational Performance.
SUMMARY
This study was undertaken to examine the Effect of Human Resource Planning on Organizational Performance. The study opened with chapter one where the statement of the problem was clearly defined. The study objectives and research hypotheses were defined and formulated respectively. The study reviewed related and relevant literatures. The chapter two gave the conceptual framework, empirical and theoretical studies. The third chapter described the methodology employed by the researcher in collecting both the primary and the secondary data. The research method employed here is the descriptive survey method. The study analyzed and presented the data collected in tables.
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Good nutrition is an important component of a healthy lifestyle and a healthy baby. The best time to review your nutritional status to make appropriate changes is prior to conception. A very important time of fetal development is during the first several weeks of pregnancy when many women may not even realize they are pregnant. The nutritional changes that should occur prior to pregnancy must be individualized based on your medical status, weight and eating habits. Pregnancy is one time in life when weight gain is not only desirable, but also encouraged. Recommended weight gain may depend on a number of factors, including pre-pregnancy weight. You might also expect to gain more if you are carrying multiple babies. A healthy and accurate diet during pregnancy plays the most important role for both the unborn baby and the mother. It is important, since it directly affects the weight of the baby at the time of birth. It also helps to prevent the child from developing diseases such as heart disease and obesity later in life.
According to a recent study, women with poor diets before pregnancy are more likely to give birth prematurely than women who have healthy diets. Therefore, it is always recommended to maintain a healthy diet, remain active, and drink lots of fluids. All of this is important for the health of the mother and the unborn baby.
Weight gain during pregnancy signifies that your body is nurturing the baby properly. The blood volume increases by approximately 60% when you are ready to give birth. Therefore, during pregnancy, it is essential to include vitamins, minerals, proteins, fats, and carbohydrates as a part of every diet. For a healthy baby, you need approximately 300 calories extra each day (if you have normal body weight). During pregnancy, one should never miss breakfast, as it is the most important meal of the day and helps in keeping the body fit and healthy. Inclusion of food items rich in fiber is also recommended as that helps in preventing constipation during pregnancy. It is a good idea to eat smaller meals at regular intervals throughout your day.
REFERENCES
- Martorell R, Rivera J, Kaplowits H, Pollitt E. Long-term consequences of growth retardation during early childhood. In: Hernandez M, Argente J, eds. Human growth: basic and clinical aspects. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Excerpta Medica, New York; 1992:143-149. 2.
- Merchant KM, Kurz, KM. Women’s nutrition through the life cycle: social and biological vulnerabilities. In: Koblinsky MA, Timyan J, Gay J, eds. The health of women: a global perspective. Boulder, Colo: Westview Press; 1993:63-90. 3.
- World Health Organization. . 4th ed. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 1996. Coverage of maternity care: a listing of available information 4.
- Hinderaker SG, Olsen BE, Bergsjo PB, Gasheka P, Lie RT, Kvale G. Perinatal mortality in northern rural Tanzania. 2003;21(1):8-17.
- Journal of Health Population and Nutrition 5. Stein AD, Barnhart HX, Hickey M, Ramakrishnan U, Schroeder DG, Martorell R. Prospective study of protein-energy supplementation early in life and of growth in the subsequent generation in Guatemala. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2003;78(1):162-167. 6.
