Causes of Unemployment Among the Youth Academia of Sokoto South Local Government
Chapter One
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The objectives of the study are;
- To ascertain the causes of unemployment among the youth academia of Sokoto South local government
- To examine the effect of unemployment on the rise of social vices.
- To find out the effect of unemployment on economic growth and development in Nigeria
- To provide plausible solutions to unemployment problems in Nigeria.
CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
UNEMPLOYMENT IN NIGERIA
There are many types of unemployment in Nigeria: structural unemployment, cyclical unemployment, frictional unemployment and classical unemployment. Structural unemployment occurs due to globalization and technological advancement which replace the workers with the machinery that causes the layoffs in the economy. It is also caused by mismatch of skills of workers from the underlying jobs. Cyclical unemployment is also known as Keynesian unemployment; it occurs when the aggregate demand of the economy is not sufficient to give the jobs to everyone who wants to work, because aggregate supply of goods and services exceed from the aggregate demand that can discourage the production and consequently it reduces the workers. Frictional unemployment occurs when the skills of the workers are mismatched with the underlying jobs, it is like a structural unemployment but it is short run in nature while structural unemployment has long lasting effect. Classical unemployment arises when government set the wage rates above the equilibrium prices that cause labour to rush for the jobs in the labour market which exceeds from the existing vacancies. Analysis of employment data for the past years shows that the rate of new entrants into the labour market has not been uniform. The rate was on the increase from 2007 to 2009, but declined significantly from 2009 to 2010, and increased again from 2010 to 2011. “Within the five-year period, there has been an average of about 1.8 million new entrants into the active labour market per year” (NBS, 2011). Nigeria’s unemployment rate increased to 23.9 percent in 2011 compared with 21.1 percent in 2010 and 19.7 percent in 2009, as revealed by the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS). The “Nigerian unemployment report 2011” prepared by the NBS shows that the rate is higher in the rural areas (25.6 percent) than in the urban areas (17.1 percent). The rise in the unemployment rate was largely attributed to the increased number of school graduates with no matching job opportunities, a freeze on employment in many public and private sector institutions as well as the slow disbursement of the capital budget by the Federal Government. The result of the survey by International Labour Organisation (ILO) in Nigeria shows that persons aged 0 to14 years constituted 39.6 percent, those aged between 15 and 64 (the economically active population), constituted 56.3 percent, while those aged 65 years and above constituted 4.2 percent. Before now, not a few economic watchers have queried the recorded Gross Domestic Product, GDP, growth rates in Nigeria, which over time are contrary to the growing rate of unemployment.
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research design
The researcher used descriptive research survey design in building up this project work the choice of this research design was considered appropriate because of its advantages of identifying attributes of a large population from a group of individuals. The design was suitable for the study as the study causes of unemployment among the youth academia of sokoto south local government
Sources of data collection
Data were collected from two main sources namely:
(i)Primary source and
(ii)Secondary source
Primary source:
These are materials of statistical investigation which were collected by the research for a particular purpose. They can be obtained through a survey, observation questionnaire or as experiment; the researcher has adopted the questionnaire method for this study.
Secondary source:
These are data from textbook Journal handset etc. they arise as byproducts of the same other purposes. Example administration, various other unpublished works and write ups were also used.
Population of the study
Population of a study is a group of persons or aggregate items or things. The researcher is interested in getting information on causes of unemployment among the youth academia of sokoto south local government. 200 youths, Sokoto south local government were selected randomly by the researcher as the population of the study.
CHAPTER FOUR
PRESENTATION ANALYSIS INTERPRETATION OF DATA
Introduction
Efforts will be made at this stage to present, analyze and interpret the data collected during the field survey. This presentation will be based on the responses from the completed questionnaires. The result of this exercise will be summarized in tabular forms for easy references and analysis. It will also show answers to questions relating to the research questions for this research study. The researcher employed simple percentage in the analysis.
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Introduction
It is important to ascertain that the objective of this study was to ascertain causes of unemployment among the youth academia of sokoto south local government. In the preceding chapter, the relevant data collected for this study were presented, critically analyzed and appropriate interpretation given. In this chapter, certain recommendations made which in the opinion of the researcher will be of benefits in addressing the challenges of unemployment among the youth academia of sokoto south local government
Summary
This study was on causes of unemployment among the youth academia of sokoto south local government. Four objectives were raised which included: To ascertain the causes of unemployment among the youth academia of Sokoto south local government, to examine the effect of unemployment on the rise of social vices, to find out the effect of unemployment on economic growth and development in Nigeria, to provide plausible solutions to unemployment problems in Nigeria. In line with these objectives, two research hypotheses were formulated and two null hypotheses were posited. The total population for the study is 200 residents in Sokoto south local government. The researcher used questionnaires as the instrument for the data collection. Descriptive Survey research design was adopted for this study. A total of 133 respondents made male entrepreneur, female entrepreneur, male student and female student were used for the study. The data collected were presented in tables and analyzed using simple percentages and frequencies
Conclusion
Based on the findings, this study has demonstrated that having good grades did not assurance employment for fresh graduates in Nigeria. For that the graduates must have a good command of English and other soft skills such as leadership, communication, intelligence, analytical thinking and so on. This research provides an awareness and also guidance for the fresh graduate’s problems that need to be aware of now, yet these problems will progress as fresh graduate’s changes. But, not to forget, that there are many more graduates who still unemployed after many years of their graduation. At the same time, every year there will be new fresh graduates will join the list. So, the government, education institution and the individual must play a crucial role in order to reduce the unemployment rate. The results of this study provided some explanation for factor influences unemployment among fresh graduates in sokoto south. The findings of this study showed that there is a strong relationship between graduate attributes, employability skills and job mismatch. Effective skills training will produce graduates who are educated and skilful before entering the working field. Likewise, it will also produce graduates with a good working ethics, proactive and able to solve problems linked to the work.
Recommendation
Products of entrepreneurial education should be equipped with scientific, technical and factual base with good background information and research skills. All must have a high level of creativity and innovation and the ability to think about the future. Government must play its constitutional role by creating enabling socio-economic and political environment including the provision of infrastructure to make the industrial climate investment friendly. The government must also have the political will to fight the scourge of corruption which is discouraging foreign direct investment (FDI) because of the added cost to doing business in Nigeria.
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