Assessment of the Roles of Government Agencies in Public Private Partnership in Housing Delivery
CHAPTER ONE
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The aim of this study is to assess the role of government agencies in the public- private partnership in housing delivery in Nigeria. These will be achieved by the following objective which includes:
- To identify the different types of public private partnership arrangements in use.
- To examine the relevance of public private partnership.
- To examine the roles of government agencies in public private partnership in housing delivering.
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
CONCEPTUAL REVIEW
Concept of Housing
Housing is defined as the process of providing safe, comfortable, attractive, functional, affordable and identifiable shelter in a proper setting within a neighbourhood, supported by continuous maintenance of the built environment for the daily living activities of individuals/families within the community while reflecting their socio-economic, cultural aspirations and preferences (National Housing Policy, 2012). The World Health Organization (WHO) describes “housing as residential environment which includes the physical structure used for shelter, all necessary services, facilities, equipment and devices needed or desired for the physical and mental health and social wellbeing of the family and individuals”. A house also provides the physical framework in which human, social, economic, and cultural resources are realized, enriched, and integrated. In the traditional African society, in particular, housing is, in fact, one of the greatly cherished material properties (Ademiluyi, 2010). Housing has been a driver of economic growth throughout the world and there is no reason why it cannot do the same in Africa (Giddings, 2007). Failure to look into issues in the delivery of affordable housing and improved urban service delivery will not only lead to the creation of slums and worsen the standard of living for the majority of Africa‟s urban dwellers, it will also deter the region‟s plans to create the broad-based economic growth required to lower poverty (Giddings, 2007).
Meaning of Partnership
A partner means a shares (with person, in or of things), persons associated with others in business of which he shares risks and profits (Oxford, 1964). Partnership on the other hand, means the state of being a partner in a contract between people engaged in any business (Chambers, 1983). Partnership among all actors within the country from public, private, voluntary, non-governmental organizations and individuals are essential to housing delivery (Osibogun, 2003). During the past decade, rapidly changing politically and economic forces have created an environment in which many public and private sector leaders have discovered a strong mutual interest in exploring new ways to form and sustain partnerships (Donna, 2006).
As many states and communities are learning, partnerships can effectively bring together a wide range of contributors, including governments, business, philanthropies, families and service providers, to expand and improve housing delivery and other services for any society. In today’s global environment, it is widely recognized that building partnerships is indispensable to realizing the enabling approach for promoting sustainable development. This can also be widely achieved if the private sector is party to the arrangements. The private sector is seen here as ‘a basic organizing principle for economic activity where private ownership is an important factor, where markets and competition drive production and where private initiatives and risk-taking set activities in motion (DAC, 1995; cited in Lindahl, 2005).
Omole (2009), asserted that housing is essential and comprises of vital services and facilities, which constitutes the physical environment that connects individuals with the community in which they evolve. Therefore, environmental amenities like waste disposal, water supply, road access and location services inferred by the distinct links between required economic and social infrastructure like education, health and recreation are all parts of the package of services designated as housing (Aribigbola, 2001). The National Technical Working Group on Housing (2009), describes the meaningful influence housing plays in the economy as it accounts for a substantial part of the manufacturing activity of a country, through its linkages to land markets, furniture, materials used for building, labour markets and its relationship with financial markets.
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Design
Research designs are perceived to be an overall strategy adopted by the researcher whereby different components of the study are integrated in a logical manner to effectively address a research problem. In this study, the researcher employed the survey research design. This is due to the nature of the study whereby the opinion and views of people are sampled.
Population of the study
According to Udoyen (2019), a study population is a group of elements or individuals as the case may be, who share similar characteristics. These similar features can include location, gender, age, sex or specific interest. The emphasis on study population is that it constitutes of individuals or elements that are homogeneous in description. For the population, the research focuses on 50 employees of Imo State Housing Corporation as a sample for the purpose of this research.
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
INTRODUCTION
This chapter analyses the responses from the study participants and tests the hypotheses formulated for this study.
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
SUMMARY
In this study, our focus was to examine the assessment of the role of government agencies in public private partnership in housing delivery in Nigeria. (a case study of Imo State Housing Corporation). Carefully, the researcher selected Imo State as the place of study. The study specifically was aimed at assessing the role of government agencies in public private partnership in housing delivery in Nigeria.
The study adopted the survey research design and randomly enrolled participants in the study. A total of 50 responses were validated from the enrolled participants where all respondent are active employees of Imo State Housing Corporation. The findings revealed that Government agencies have a vital role to play in PPP in housing provisions.
CONCLUSION
The findings from this study have indicated that PPP housing provisions in Imo State are basically aimed at reducing the level of public sector involvement in the design, implementation, funding and management of public housing provisions. This is in view of the declining government resources. Consequently, public agencies have taken advantage of government access to land to attract the financial resources, managerial competence and technical know-how of the private sector in providing housing for the citizens. This formal PPP has thus far produced a relatively low quantity of affordable housing for the low-income people of Nigeria. For the PPPs to make any significant impact in addressing the housing needs of a majority of Nigerians, more attention should be given to increasing the share of low-income housing to reflect the socio-economic context of urban areas in this country, in which the majority of people are low-income earners.
RECOMMENDATION
Therefore, this work makes the following recommendations.
- Governments in Nigeria need to go beyond the provision of land and the policy framework to granting incentives (e.g., import duty wavers on imported building materials and construction equipment and tax relief) to commercial private housing developers involved in PPP housing provisions for low-income people as well as contributing to the provision of basic infrastructure. The introduction of realistic building regulations and the removal of restrictive legislations such as the Land Use Acts of 1978 should be considered. These may provide an enabling environment for the provision of low-cost housing under PPP arrangements.
- Partners in PPP housing provisions may consider converting some percentages of their equity holdings and profits into the provision of low-income housing as part of their social responsibilities. The constraints in the procurement of building materials and housing finance can be addressed by encouraging the participation of the Building Materials Manufacturers and Suppliers Association of Nigeria (BMMSAN) and financial institutions in PPP housing provision schemes as key partners.
- Core (incremental) housing should be introduced into the PPP housing provision schemes to enable low-income people to have access to basic housing units, which they can improve upon improvement of their economic status. Acquisition of the core housing should be based on long-term mortgage arrangements.
- Other type of PPPs involving government agencies, philanthropic organisations and third sector organisations should be initiated to specifically cater to the housing needs of low-income people. Therefore, the establishment of an umbrella organisation for all third sector organisations will facilitate this. Similarly, the establishment of the Social Housing Trust Fund (SHTF) for the mobilisation of funds from multinational philanthropic organisations and others may provide financial resources for the provision of housing for low-income people in Nigerian cities.
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