Radio Listening Habits of Students in Higher Institutions of Learning (A Case Study of Institution of Management and Technology {IMT} Enugu)
Chapter One
OBJECTIVES THE STUDY
This study is aimed at achieving the following purposes. Measuring the level of student’s attitude and interest in the total content of radio progrmme. Individual perspective to listening habit of students to radio progammes.
This study also aim at identifying the extent by which such variable as sex, course of study age, affect audience towards radio programme.
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
This chapter reviews literature relating to the theme and the study the major ideas of this section are grouped and prevented under the following sub leadings.
SOURCES OF LITERATURE REVIEW
The modern society is occupied with the growing world awareness through radio and other mass media. Groups and institution researchers have conducted audience research on the reaction of individual and society to media programmes.
There have been a lot of scholarly efforts in the past directed towards opinion formation and change.
A few of these works will suffice for the study covering the influence of radio, selection exposure percentages personality of sources and receiver enough other things). The present study is on the listening habit of students in higher institutions of learning with institute of management and technology (IMT), Enugu, as case study and centered directly on the communication behaviour.
Here I am trying to review the listening habits of the students in higher institutions of learning.
Copper and Diremen (1951) claim “the listeners, viewers and readers are all participants in communication process. They react on the content of the message packages and presented. How their react is determined by many factors of the message”.
This is to say that different people listen to different message, purpose or reasons.
Schramm (1981) stated “media users change among individuals just in these way that they make choice among various media, so also they use the chosen media for different purposes”. Also related to this study is Kalmaries process of opinion which change one of these compliance refers to the acceptance of influence in the expectation to rewards or to avoid punishment.
Another identification” occurs when individual wishers to be more like sources and hence initiates and adopt behaviour accordingly.
The third “internalization” intended to describe influence as guided by the receiving own prestige and values.
This later process may be described (or effects). Since changes is that which can be explained in time of the receivers own motives, needs and wishers.
The cited literature is important this study because it deals with the effect. Other research findings also abound on the consumption habit of people at various age lives and under different socio-economic backgrounds.
People are selective, the attention to materials, which relate to their original predisposition and are always influenced by socio-economy factors under which they live.
Audience selectively term out message that are counter to their ego related beliefs.
They insisted to accept the intake of mass media communication in order to promote, protect personal beliefs and defend existing behaviour of people individuals will selectively pay attention to certain message if they relate to their needs interest or supportive of present values.
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
RESEARCH METHOD
The research method used in any research work is determined substantially by the nature of the research problem and the objectives of the study. Since this study was aimed at investigating the radio listening Habits among students in higher institutions of learning IMT, Enugu, the use of survey research method was considered appropriate.
Survey researcher used questionnaire to elicit information from the population of study. This technique is the most commonly used by behavioral scientists. It involves drawing up a set of question on various subject to which selected members of a population are requested to react. This of the following reasons
- It permits the accurate assessment of the characteristics of the whole population of the study.
- It is more realistic than the experiment, in that it investigates phenomena in their natural setting.
- It studies both small and large population by selecting and studding samples chosen from the population to discover the relative incidence, distribution and interrelations of social logical and psychological variables.
RESEARCH DESIGN
The survey approach which entails the use of questionnaire was employed in this study. The questionnaire was carefully structured and designed in order to achieve the objectives of the study.
The questions are both open and close ended. The open-ended questionnaire permits the respondents to answer the questions the way they want with little or no restrictions of all. The close ended restricts the range of answers available to the respondent.
The researcher asks the questions while the respondents are required to choose from available options, the answer that best expresses his feeling, attitude or perception
RESEARCH POPULATION
Every student of IMT, Enugu Should have been part of the population of this study and their individual views sought.
However, as a result of the constraint posed by time and finance, it was not possible to undertake a through survey of all the students in various departments in the institute of management and technology, I M T, Enugu.
Hence therefore only students from few selected communication, printing technology, accountancy, computer science and Engineering were covered.
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULTS
In this chapter, the data collected for this study are analyzed to test the research hypothesis formulated for this study. This deals with results of the test, which I conducted, with the aid of questionnaires. A total of two hundred (200) questionnaires were administered.
Out of this, only one hundred and sixty (160) were responded to and were collected by me.
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENTION FOR FURTHER STUDY.
SUMMARY
A thorough study was conducted to ascertain the listening habits of students in institution of higher learning. I was able to uncover student’s attitude, on radio students are attracted to the frequency modulation (FM) stations to the amplitud modulation (AM) stations. The reasons being that fm station gives more of entertainment programmes which students like or enjoy than the AM which deals more on the younger student disregards. Student tend to turn off a station, if the station side tracks their interest. Student distance to radio more in as much they offer programmes of interest to them.
I found out that the programmes presented by this station affect the attitude of students towards listening to it. Also the course of study of students do not in any way affect the radio listening habit the factor is that the students listen to entertainment programmes than their male counter part, like wise the male the male students pay more attention to news and current affairs than the female students.
Also student have time to listen to the radio programmes when lectures are not serious than when it is serious or when their examination is taking place.
CONCLUSION
The heterogeneous nature of I M T is only duly reflected in the findings. There is a mixed or combine feelings of the result. Which is guided an understandable in the people with different interest, behaviour and react different in a given topic. Media selectivity which is one of the aspect of this study deals on the problems which the various audiences have in selecting and exposing themselves to the media. It does not means that the audience are bias the reason that media selectivity relies on the premise of self-interest and what the audience wants.
People choose certain media which gives them specific information on certain time of the day and this affects their media selectivity.
There is obligation on the part of media organization to dig the audience and find out their characteristics and wants, factors that their media out puts to meet their needs. It is important to know that the credibility of any medium affects the way
Messages from the medium are selectivity perceived. The more uninterrupted a message is the more the audience attention are with drawn from the massages and the medium by which it transmitted.
RECOMMENDATIONS
The audience, to a large extent contributes to the success or failure of any media organization and they comprised of people from different background, perceptive, social, strata, characteristic and wants.
For this reason, a media house and in particular the radio should try as much as possible to dance to the tune of its audience especially students by giving them what they want in radio programmes and satisfy their various inspirations and expectations.
AREAS OF FURTHER STUDIES
My research work, was based on radio listening habits of students in institute of higher learning. None was done on staff or not staff of I M T.
For areas of further study, I want other people who want to research on the similar topic to use staff or non staff as the subject of the study.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
- Mac Bride. Sean (1980) many voices one word Iba University press pig. 15
- Mass media in America” Uslia Volt
- Opubor A.E (1967) An introduction to mass communication in Nigeria LagosUmlag, press
- Klapper J.I (1969) the effects of mass communication Von forum lectures Chicago
- Copper A and Diremen (1981) mass communication in perspection, New York Dover publishers Inc.
- Cathway and meak: Group theory and experiences Boston, Hongthton Williams company 173, pg. 169.
- Davision Philip: (1957) mass media society Chicago. WCIN INC.
- Becker O: (1969) Theories of mass communication new York David Mckay
- Lazarfied and Paul (1948) The people choice new York Columbia university press
