An Evaluation of Ethnicity and Issue of Political Development in Nigeria (a Case Study of Delta State)
CHAPTER ONE
PURPOSED OF THE STUDY
Basically the purpose of this study is to gain understanding of the effects of primordialism particularly ethnicity on Nigeria political development.
It is our belief that because of the dominance of primordialism in Nigeria polities. Some analyst entirely from the perspective, the impression of given that the political process is determined and controlled by primordial elements. Shortcoming and defects of the Nigeria political system are as resulting fro this phenomenon, thus their resolution is seen as laying in balancing these primordial interest.
It is our belief that while it is possible to have some awareness of the nature of Nigeria from this perspective as an explanatory framework, it is highly defective. It is defective because it simple takes the question of primordialisms.
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
A good number of books have been selected for revision here. This study is in agreement with view of the Scholar who contends that literature view is not conclusive as additional literature and source will be examined as the research progresses, since it is generally, believe that the literature on ethnicity is vast. The role of ethnicity in instituting or throating process of social change is a factor that has recently become most relevant in regard to the less developed area of the world. In the limited discussion that has touched this point divergent vowed have been expressed by different authors on ethnicity , where some of them that see this variables from the Marxist view points, other explore liberal point of views as I have earlier stated, the method of analysis used in this project is the maxiraian dialectical method of analysis, which gives primary to material conditions particularly economic factor in the explanation of social life. As Elude Ake would concede, dialectical method refuses to look at aspect of the world (in our case ethnicity) as simple identities or discrete element or as being static. This method encourages us to think of world in terms of continuity and relatedness and with a keen awareness that this continuity is essentially very complex and also problematic.
MEANING OF DEVELOPMENT
Development involves the entire social as “the process of allowing and encouraging people to meet their own aspiration”
Development is a tri-dimensional concert. It has a utilitarian or consumatory dimension, which connote increase in the quality of usable items available to man in society. It also has behavioural or rational dimension, which define the nature of the relation among man in society and among societies.
Thirdly, there is an institutional or structural and legal framework circumscribe the behaviors of men and streamlines their relationship which they individual and collectively seek to gain greater access to material things of value in society fundamentally, development is therefore made of three components.
- The control and utilization of economic resource for the benefit of all.
- The use of cultural values to promote growth pride and dignify.
- The liberation of individual and groups from the strong hold of international imperialism.
It is in this regard that Seers (1963) suggests that the b questions, to ask about development are:
- What has been happening to poverty?
- What has been happening to unemployment?
- What has been happening to inequality?
If and when all these questions have been less severe, then beyond doubt, there has been a period of development. If one or two of these have been growing, it will be strange and absorb to call the result development even if per capital income increased. In reviewing the concept of development Seers asserted that other essential elements to be include is self-reliance. To this end the main emphasis in development would no longer be an Overall growth rates or no pattern of distribution but an ownership a well as out put in the leading economic sectors.
CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY
This research work tends to investigate and evaluate the ethnicity and the issue of political development in Nigeria.
The highlights area in this chapter are area of study, design of the study, the population of the study, instrument for data collection, validation of the instrument, sample of the study ., distribution and retrieval of the instrument and method of data analysis.
BRIEF OUTLINE OF THE STUDY
The research was carried out with the view of evaluating ethnicity and the issue of political development in Nigeria.
In the chapter, the planning process of data collections are designed , which includes where when and how to collect the date which are analyzed and processed to obtain an information upon which the recommendation and finding would be based on.
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA PRESENTATION
In this chapter, adapt collected for the people of tackling the research question posed the testing hypothesis formulated in the study were presented and analysis.
The researcher used table and sample percentage and frequency also to own inference from each analysis.
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
The important finding which emerged clearly from the analysis in the preceding chapter are the increase of ethnic inhabit national development. The continuation of ethnic favour with regard to competence and qualification is really as threat to then well beings and stability of this country and constitute an impediment to national political and economic development. Eliminating ethnicity and other elements of non-continuities in this political process should be fundamental objective of this nation in addition, there should be a defined directive principle guide the leaders in their effort to achieve these objectives.
Ideology is a guide to political actions Nigeria as a country should be said to have no defined ideology. Lack of ideology to guide the political development of Nigeria as made her political system inveterate. Many Nigerians have been calling for creation of more states as a solution to ethnic politics and political instability in Nigeria. To me, this will not even solve the problem because these demand are just efforts of various region faction of the privileged class to carves out their own sphere of economic domination.
RECOMMENDATIONS
- A constitution while providing for power must lay down certain duties so that power holder remains alive to the fact that the power are not for their personal aggrandizement, but for the welfare and advancement of the society. This will preserve peace and stability and chance development in the country.
- Education will render a big help here., the mass Literacy campaign as was begun by the federal government should pursued more rigorously. The federal government educational institution such as secondary schools, college of education , ;polytechnic and universities should be used to inculcate the spirit of nationalism in Nigeria youth and children.
- Economic inequality is known for its capability of breading conflict and a state with sound economy badly witness political and social unrest Nigeria should be free to work in and investment whatever they please in the federation to create business interest that transcend ethnic boundaries . This should be under government control to avoid internal economic dominant of one group of the other which will being conflict.
LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
The limiting factor of this research work include time and finance similarly, the problem of the research structure from the paucity of data to lack of reasonable co-operation from the sample population.
In most case the researcher received negative or non-response to relevant research question.
SUGGESTION FOR FURTHER STUDY
Since Nigeria is faced with the problem of ethnicity, the research is of view that more attention should be given to division that exist in pluralist society by federal government to enable them love a peaceful and united nation.
CONCLUSION
Ethnic politics is like every other political phenomenon has much bearings on the society within which it operates. Its effects on Nigeria society is adverse thus on the political development of Nigeria. The research therefore sees equitable distribution of resource as the only option its Curb down ethnic politics. Their government should ensure that public resources are not diverted into individual pockets.
Now having seen the major are in which ethnic politics is in active operate especially its role in the economic development of Nigeria. It clear that it work negatively it militate against the progress of this country in view of this Nigerians should in the interest of peace and stability as well as for the upliftment of the lot of this country redeclare their individual loyalties instead for their ethnic groups, now for Nigeria as a nation.
REFERENCES
- Eberinwa .O.M. (2005): Dynamic of Development Administration, Onitsha, Abbot Book Ltd.
- Muomife C.E (2005): Issue in Rural Development Awka, Goshen Publishers.
- Okoye C.M (2004): Development Administration Onitsha, Abbot Book Ltd.
- Nwankwo .R. (2006): Issue in NIGERIA Government and Administration. Awka Kucena Press.
