The Prevalence of Poultry Diseases and Its Mortality Rate in Uyo Local Government Area.
CHAPTER ONE
Purpose of the Study
The study is aimed at examining the prevalence rate of poultry diseases and mortality of flock in the study area. Specifically the study seeks the following objectives.
- To determine the prevalence rate of Avian influence and its mortality rate on poultry in Uyo Local Government Area.
- To determine the prevalence rate of Newcastle Disease and it mortality rate on poultry in Uyo Local Government Area.
- To determine the prevalence rate of infectious Bursal disease and its mortality rate on poultry in Uyo Local Government Area.
- To determine the prevalence rate of coccidiosis and its mortality rate on poultry in Uyo Local Government Area.
CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Introduction
Poultry industry in Bangladesh plays a vital role in the rural socio-economic system by contributing significantly on economic growth and simultaneously creating numerous employment opportunities. Chicken meat is also relatively cheap and affordable source of animal protein. According to WHO-FAO joint survey, meat consumption per head in Bangladesh is 15.23 kg per year and poultry contributes 35.25% of total meat supply. Traditionally in Bangladesh, poultry rearing is one of the most important sources of income for rural women especially for landless and marginal farmers. From last few years commercial poultry farming has been developing very rapidly but several factors reduce the growth rate of this sector and raise mortality of chickens. It is well known that poultry diseases are the major constraints for developing the poultry industry. Poultry farmers face a wide range of diseases, which reduce the optimal productivity of the flock. On an average 30% poultry birds die annually in Bangladesh due to outbreak of several diseases. Diseases in broiler significantly affect the productivity and health status and many of them also have public health importance. The prevalence of diseases in a particular area depends on several factors like geographical condition, management practices by the farmer, immunization status of the farm, quality of the chicks, bio-security status of farm and hatcheries etc. Age of the chicken and weather of a particular area are also important factors which are related to the disease prevalence. Geographically Sylhet is located at 24.8917°N 91.8833°E, in the north eastern region of Bangladesh which has a number of topographical features like rivers, hills and hillocks, haors which made it quite different from the rest parts of the country. Poultry industry is not so developed in this region compared to other poultry rich zones of Bangladesh like Kishoregonj, Narsindi, Gazipur, Comilla etc. However, it is developing very quickly in this region now a days based on demands. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of diseases in commercial chickens at Sylhet division of Bangladesh. Age related disease prevalence and seasonal influence on disease prevalence in commercial chickens at this particular area was also determined. The results of the current study will provide an overall scenario of disease prevalence in commercial chickens at Sylhet region of Bangladesh. The findings may assist researchers or poultry consultants to design and implement priority based research on specific disease and to take efficient control strategies against the diseases. Livestock production constitutes an important component of the agricultural economy in developing countries and it is an instrument of socio-economic change, improve income and quality of life in Nigeria (Abioye, 2000). Poultry is the term used to describe domesticated birds reared by man for a useful purpose (meat, egg, income, manure and others). Nigerian livestock operations, estimated at 33.8 million heads of sheep and 175 million poultry birds (Bénard et al., 2010). Demand for livestock products, including poultry, is expanding in West Africa as a result of population growth and increased urbanization (Killebrew et al., 2010). Poultry is far the largest livestock group, consisting mainly of chickens, ducks and turkey. Poultry is the most commonly kept livestock and over 70% of those keeping livestock are reported to be keeping chickens (Udoh and Etim, 2007). Poultry is raised for various reasons. Specifically, the roles of poultry in providing the much needed animal protein for the increasing population cannot be over emphasized (Udoh and Etim, 2009). Agriculture, like many other investment activities, is exposed to a wide variety of risks and uncertainties ranging from input supply and prices, agricultural yield, post-harvest losses and product prices to the vagaries of nature such as inclement weather conditions, pests and diseases (Nmadu and Peter, 2010; Aina and Omonona, 2012).
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Introduction
This chapter deals with the method used in collecting data required in carrying out this research work it explains the procedures that were followed and the instrument used in collecting data.
SOURCES OF DATA COLLECTION
Data were collected from two main sources namely
-Primary source and secondary source
primary source: These are materials of statistical investigation, which were collected by the research for a particular purpose. They can be obtained through a survey, observation questionnaire or as experiment, the researcher has adopted the questionnaire method for this study.
Secondary data: These are data from textbook Journal handset etc. they arise as byproducts of the same other purposes. Example administration, various other unpublished works and write ups were also used.
CHAPTER FOUR
PRESENTATION ANALYSIS INTERPRETATION OF DATA
Introduction
Efforts will be made at this stage to present, analyze and interpret the data collected during the field survey. This presentation will be based on the responses from the completed questionnaires. The result of this exercise will be summarized in tabular forms for easy references and analysis. It will also show answers to questions relating to the research questions for this research study. The researcher employed simple percentage in the analysis.
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY CONCLUSION RECOMMENDATION
Introduction
It is important to ascertain that the objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of poultry disease and its mortality rate.
In the preceding chapter, the relevant data collected for this study were presented, critically analyzed and appropriate interpretation given. In this chapter, certain recommendations made which in the opinion of the researcher will be of benefits in addressing the challenges of poultry disease and it mortality rate.
Summary
Most commercial poultry farms in Akwa Ibom state were established less than ten (10) years ago. Majority of the farms were small scale enterprises. Chicken was the major poultry reared in all the farms in the state with layers constituting the highest proportion of chickens. The study also concluded that Akwa Ibom state had moderate to high potential for metabolic and behavioural disease spread while vent pecking and heat stress were the major diseases affecting most of the poultry farms in the state. Commercial poultry farms in Akwa Ibom State are enjoined to improve on their management techniques such as appropriate stocking density, good housing design and orientation, good feed and water management, effective structural and operation bio-security, proper hygiene and sanitation for better and efficient production targets.
Conclusion
It can be concluded that most important threats posed by risk in poultry production were Disease outbreak, Rise in cost of inputs, Change in poultry output prices (eggs and meat), Theft and pilfering, snake attack, lack of awareness of medication and vaccination health programmes, rise in cost of exotic breed and lack of closer animal vaccination centers.
Recommendations
Therefore, it was recommended that Poultry farmers in Akwa Ibom state, Nigeria should be encouraged by Government and non-Government organizations to join cooperatives in order to have access to better health hygiene practices, veterinary services, extension services, and information’s that would help to further facilitate positive interactions especially on risk sharing. This would present a collective bargaining front, and serve as a conduct for transmitting government extension recommendations to the farmer. It is also recommended that poultry farmers should take these problems into consideration for a successful poultry business.
Reference
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- Aina O.S. and Omonona B.T. (2012). Nigeria Agricultural Insurance Scheme (NAIS): Prospect, Achievement and Problems. Global Advanced Research Journal of Agricultural Science. 1(5):97-103.
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