The Effect of Working Class Mothers on Their Children Academic Performance
CHAPTER ONE
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The purpose of this research is to outline how the various kinds of working class mother influence their children performance in school and how mother who engage in “dual occupation” are able to cater for them children’s academic performance and moral development.
CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Introduction
In this chapter various literature are reviewed on roles of mothers and how their paid employment influences their pupils. The chapter covers the following:
- Theoretical framework of the study,
- Conceptual framework
- Empirical review
- Summary of Literature Review
Theoretical Framework of the study
The theoretical framework for this study is hinged on the social biological theory with reference to gender role, which derives from conventional sociological theories (Igube and Ejaro, 2003). It is based on Sigmund Freud’s premise that “Biology is Destiny”. Socio-biologists, according to Igube and Ejaro, hold the view that biological differences are responsible for the difference in both the behaviour of men and women and the roles they play in society. According to them, the role of women in society is mainly in the family, and that men play an instrumental role while women play an expressive role. Since women are saddled with the reproductive role, it also falls on them to perform domestic chores and care for the pupils. The women’s expressive role basically involves the socialization of the young and the stabilization of the adult personalities. According to Igube and Ejaro, it is the woman’s role to ensure that the breadwinner is rested and nurtured prior to resuming work the next day. The instrumental role of the man and the expressive role of the woman complement each other and help to promote family solidarity. The implication here is that when the woman goes out to work in an employed job as opposed to the domestic sphere, the socialization of the child is likely to be compromised.
Igube and Ejaro (2003) further argued that a woman’s place is in the home caring for children, especially in the early years. According to them, a close influence between mother and child was necessary for healthy development; and deprivation resulting from the separation of mother and child at early age negatively impacted the child’s development. Igube and Ejaro also explained that, from a functionalist perspective, the motherhood mandate is essential and socialization which is primarily the mothers’ responsibility is necessary for later social productivity; and that if socialization is inadequate in the family, the goals of the broader society may later be compromised. Thus, the social biological theory formed the theoretical framework for this study.
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
INTRODUCTION
In this chapter, we described the research procedure for this study. A research methodology is a research process adopted or employed to systematically and scientifically present the results of a study to the research audience viz. a vis, the study beneficiaries.
RESEARCH DESIGN
Research designs are perceived to be an overall strategy adopted by the researcher whereby different components of the study are integrated in a logical manner to effectively address a research problem. In this study, the researcher employed the survey research design. This is due to the nature of the study whereby the opinion and views of people are sampled. According to Singleton & Straits, (2009), Survey research can use quantitative research strategies (e.g., using questionnaires with numerically rated items), qualitative research strategies (e.g., using open-ended questions), or both strategies (i.e., mixed methods). As it is often used to describe and explore human behaviour, surveys are therefore frequently used in social and psychological research.
CHAPTER FOUR
PRESENTATION OF DATA AND ANALYSIS
This chapter presents the analysis of data derived through the questionnaire and key informant interview administered on the respondents in the study area. The analysis and interpretation were derived from the findings of the study. The data analysis depicts the simple frequency and percentage of the respondents as well as interpretation of the information gathered. A total of hundred and twenty (120) questionnaires were administered to respondents of which 100 were returned. The analysis of this study is based on the number returned.
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Conclusion
This paper tries to find out how mother’s education influence students’ academic performance. The paper used survey research design in which self-administered questionnaire was administered to 100 respondents from four selected secondary schools within Odeda Local Government Area of Abeokuta in Ogun State, Nigeria. The result of the regression analysis explained the data in three forms; demographic characteristic, Descriptive analysis and inferential analysis. The regression result indicates that mother’s education has a significant influence on students’ academic performance. This result answers the questions and hypothesis of the study. Therefore, the paper concluded that parents with high educational qualification influence their children’ academic performance.
Recommendations
- Mothers should provide an avenue to take adequate care of their children education so that proper support and encouragement would be given to them accordingly.
- Teachers and administrators should provide feedback to parents concerning the progress or otherwise of their children.
- Future researchers should try to conduct more researches on the factors affecting academic performance to other level of education.
References
- Ahmad, K. & Naeema, B. (2013). Influence of socioeconomic and educational background of parents on their children’ education in Nigeria. International journal of scientific and research publications, volume 3.
- Battle, J. & Machel, L. (2002). The increasing significance of class, the relative effect of race and socioeconomic achievement, journal of poverty, 6 (2) 21-35
- Booth, A.Z. (1996). Mother’s availability and academic achievement among swazi rural primary school children, comparative review, 40, 250-263 http//dx.edu.org./10.1086/447384.
- Ekber, T. & Gokhan, P. (2013). The effects of socioeconomic characteristics of students on their academic achievement in high education. American journal of educational research, volume1, issue10.
- Farooq, A.H. chaudhry, M. Shafic, G. Berhanu, (2011). Factors affecting student’s quality of academic performance, A case study of secondary school level, journal of quality and technological management, Vol. 4. Issue 2.
- Femi, O. (2012). The effects of mother’s socio-economic status on academic performance of students in selected schools in Edu lga of Kwara state Nigeria. International journal of academic research in business and social science, volume2, no.69
