Effect of a Nurse-led Training Programme on Knowledge of Risky Behaviors Among Motorcycle Operators in Ado–Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
CHAPTER ONE
Objective of the Study
The main objective of the study is to assess the effect of a nurse-led training programme on the risky behaviours of motorcycle operators in Ado-Ekiti. The specific objectives are to:
- assess the level of knowledge of motorcycle operators on risky behaviours in Ado-Ekiti;
- give a training programme on risky behaviours to motorcycle operators in Ado-Ekiti and
- assess the effect of the training program on risky behaviours among motorcycle operators in Ado-Ekiti.
CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Introduction
A review of literature was done using journals and textbooks on the following:
Definition of risky behaviours, types, manifestation, effect, preventive measures, road transport and safety, prevalence of motorcycle accident, concept of risky behaviour, component of Human behaviours, key variables of human behaviour changes conceptual model for knowledge to action model, Application of the model.
Definition of Risky Behaviour
These are series of activities and lifestyle behaviour that makes a person to be vulnerable to injury or harm that could cause disability (temporary or permanent) or instant death depending on the severity of the injury.(Onifade, Adurodola,&Amao, 2012).
Types of Risky Behaviour
The risky behaviours are classified into the following three categories as applied to the nature of the respondents as follows:
Traffic related risky behaviours: these include those risky behaviours associated with the disobedience or flouting of the road signs, traffic rules and regulations.
Substance-abuse related behaviours: these includes those risky behaviours associated with alteration of the mental status and alertness of the motorcycle operators which makes the operators to lose control and attention while riding making the motorcycle operator and the passenger to be prone to accident of varying degree and outcome.
Health –related risky behaviours: these are those risky behaviours that affect the health of the motorcycle operators leading to accidents or making the motorcycle operators and other people on the road as well as the passenger to be prone to injury, trauma, or death.
Other types could be road related in which the motorcycle operator is aware of the bad road at a particular bend or curve and still indulges in over speeding or disobedience to the traffic rules or it could be motorcycle related in which the motorcycle operator uses the motorcycle with defects for transportation like absence or dull head lamps, faulty brakes, poorly serviced motorcycle, absence of horn and riding with worn out tyres.
Manifestations of Risky Behaviours
Risky behaviours manifest in several ways. These could include over speeding e.g. riding above 50km/hr, riding without a protective gear like hand gloves, eye goggles and helmet, carrying more than one passenger with or without luggage, calling or receiving calls while riding, use of headphones while riding, riding under alcohol influence, flouting overtaking rules, riding on a fast lane, ignoring the traffic light indicator, lane violation, signal violation, riding when fatigued, carrying a passenger less than 8years old and riding under alcohol influence.
Effects of Risky Behaviours
These risky behaviours make the motorcycle operators more accident prone in the event of an accident. They could lead to worse outcomes such as more severe injuries, or prolonged coma. It could also include fracture of different bones of the body ranging from the skull to any part of the body e.g. the shoulder, skull, hip bone fracture, femoral fracture, radius and ulnar dislocations, amputation, loss of limbs, teeth, severe bleeding and death.
CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY
Introduction
This chapter explains the research design employed in the study. It states the design, population and setting of the study, sample sizeand sampling technique, validity and reliability of instrument, and method of data collection, method of data analysis and ethical consideration.
Research Design
The research study adopted a quasi-experimental design utilizing a one-group pre-test/post-test design to determine the knowledge of motorcycle operators within Ado – Ekiti.
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA ANALYSIS, RESULTS AND DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS
Introduction
This chapter deals with the analyses of the data collected, documentation of the results, and discussion on findings from the administered self-developed and structured questionnaire used for the data collection in this research work.The research questions were answered and the hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance.
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary
The effect of a nurse-led training programme on the knowledge of risky behaviours among motorcycle operators in Ado –Ekiti was the basis and focus of this study. The dependent variable for this study was the nurse-led training programme while the independent variables were the risky behaviours and the motorcycle operators.Two(2) research questions were answered and two(2) research hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. The study adopted a one-group quasi-experimental design with pre- intervention and post-intervention test administration.
Sample size was determined using Leslie Kish formula and multi-stage sampling technique was adopted to pick six (6) respondents each from twelve (12) units out of the two branches selected (from the 4 main branches of motorcycle operators) in Ado-Ekiti, totalling 72 respondents. The respondents were informed through the Association’s Executive members to come on the scheduled day. At the first contact in February 2017, they were informed about the purpose and method of the research. They were then pre-tested, and later had the training programme (intervention) which was done with the aid of a power point lecture (via a multimedia projector) and audience participation. The post-test was administered to the same people that were trained.
The data gathered was analysed using a frequency table, percentage, compared means and cross tab for descriptive statistics with independent sample t-test and chi-square used for inferential statistics using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (version 20.0) at 0.05 level of significance. Results revealed that before the researcher’s intervention programme, the respondents demonstrated low knowledge of risky behaviours. Furthermore, the relationship between traffic- and other risky behaviours (substance abuse- and health-related)before and after intervention was found to be statistically insignificant. Thus, these two risky behaviours are independent and not related to the traffic-related risky behaviours.
Regarding the effect of the nurse-led training programme introduced by the researcher after the pre-intervention data collection, the study showed a statistically significant positive effect on the level of knowledge of the commercial motorcycle operators in Ado-Ekiti about risky behaviours. At the end of the analyses, two out of the three hypotheses tested proved significant. Based on these findings, conclusion was drawn and recommendations were made.
Conclusion
Based on the findings from this study, the knowledge of risky behaviours among the commercial motorcyclists in Ado – Ekiti was lowbefore the intervention. There was significant difference (improvement) in the knowledge concerning risky behaviours among motorcycle operators in Ado-Ekiti after the training programme. The study observed a significant difference in mean knowledge post-intervention when compared with pre-intervention. Hence, the training programme has helped to improve the level of knowledge of the motorcycle operators regarding traffic-related, substance abuse- and health-related risky behaviours. This implies that the nurse-led training programme was effective. The need to scale up awareness campaigns and education regarding risky behaviours among the motorcycle operators cannot be overemphasized.
Recommendations
Based on these findings, the following recommendations were made:
- The Federal Road Safety Commission (FRSC) should ensure that the motorcycle operators are mandated to attend a training programme yearly or six-monthly on prevention of risky behaviours to curb the increased incidence of motorcycle related road traffic accident.
- The government should provide Breathalyzers to be used by road traffic enforcement agents at check points to identify motorcycle operators who indulge in substanceabuse and its related risky behaviours.
- Non-governmental organizations should partner with the FRSC to organize refresher training programmes for motorcyclists who had spent more than 5 years as commercial motorcycle operators so as to curb over-confidence and neglect of precautions among the older motorcycle operators.
- Concerned authorities like the road union associations at state levels should partner with non-governmental organizations for more intervention programmes that will curb some other identified risky behaviours among the motorcycle operators.
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