An Examination of the Extent and Type of Informational Materials Improvised in Senior Secondary School
CHAPTER ONE
The Purpose of the Study
The purpose of this study is to:
- Survey the extent and types of instructional materials provided by the government;
- Determine the extent and the types of instructional materials that teachers actually improvise with their students;
- study the effect of instructional materials usage in the teaching and learning situation;
- Examine the extent and the types of instructional materials that the school administration can improvise;
- Investigate the extent and the types of instructional materials that can be improvised by the students and their parents.
CHAPTER TWO
REVIEWED OF RELATED LITERATURE
Conceptual Framework
The conceptual framework for this study discussed the following concepts; improvised instructional materials, education, students‘ performance, Social studies education, Social studies curriculum and provision for the teaching and learning of Social studies among others. Education is a human right and the main avenue of delivering such education is the school. Rousseau (2006), stressed that ‗Schooling is a system within a society that teaches students to learn the knowledge needed to become functional members of the society as adults‘‘. Schooling is a process by which students gain knowledge through modalities of 14 teaching, management of environment and the use of specific practices that allows for the best learning experiences. The purpose of the school is to prepare the young for future responsibilities in life by means of acquisition of an organized body of knowledge and skills which enable them to function effectively in the later life. The importance of education in connection with school pupils is the leading role it can play in promoting education for sustainable development, and to links the importance and meaning of sustainable development to everyday living. Education is one of the most important single instruments of change in any society, and the main avenue of delivering such education is the school. The school has been recognized as an enduring human institution. Changes in schools, in most cases have been on physical structure rather than of the condition of teachers and their pupils. Secondary education aims at preparing individuals for useful living within the society and for higher education. The major causes of inadequate use of instructional materials in junior secondary schools according to Awosiyan (2005), can be summarized as: a) High enrollment rates, inadequate facilities and materials as well as irrelevant curriculum. b) Teachers not properly trained in terms of material development and utilization. c) Poor access to materials to most junior secondary schools teachers in both urban and rural areas. d) Poor environment to store and maintained such material for future uses. The National Policy on Education (NPE, 2004) specified the aims of secondary education as: a) Equip students to live effectively in the modern age of science and technology. b) Inspire students with a desire for national achievement and self- reliance. The success of any system of education depends to a large extent on the availability and quality of teaching materials properly utilized by the teacher. The availability and utilization of 15 instructional materials at lower levels will help to enhance the quality of inputs into the higher level and consequently impact positively on the outputs of the higher levels. Teachers are regarded as implementors of curriculum and they also determine the quality in the school. The National Policy on Education equally recognizes the significance of teachers in the educational system (Ogunlade, 2005). The primary concern of all teachers is to teach. Teachers owe students their best efforts in providing meaningful learning through the use of different types of materials in teaching. A serious problems being faced for a long time is that of achieving educational sustainability and lack of sufficient fund to produce and distribute quality materials in sufficient quantity in schools (Awosiyan, 2005). The lack of available instructional materials in post-primary schools in Nigeria is a serious problem despite the fact that the rapid change in technology and the new techniques of instruction have made it necessary for schools to be adequately equipped with different types of materials, (Abdullahi, 2010). The production of learning materials in support of curriculum depends largely on government policy. The government promises of the availability of the materials are still very inadequate. The availability and accessibility to instructional materials in many post-primary schools will surely predict the use of materials, (Abdullahi, 2010). The availability of learning material has long been recognized as an important factor in educational attainment. Educational performance is determined by the teachers‘ knowledge of the subject matter and pedagogical skills, the availability of learning materials as well as time spent by pupils in learning (UNESCO, 2000)
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
INTRODUCTION
In this chapter, we described the research procedure for this study. A research methodology is a research process adopted or employed to systematically and scientifically present the results of a study to the research audience viz. a vis, the study beneficiaries.
RESEARCH DESIGN
Research designs are perceived to be an overall strategy adopted by the researcher whereby different components of the study are integrated in a logical manner to effectively address a research problem. In this study, the researcher employed the survey research design. This is due to the nature of the study whereby the opinion and views of people are sampled. According to Singleton & Straits, (2009), Survey research can use quantitative research strategies (e.g., using questionnaires with numerically rated items), qualitative research strategies (e.g., using open-ended questions), or both strategies (i.e., mixed methods). As it is often used to describe and explore human behaviour, surveys are therefore frequently used in social and psychological research.
POPULATION OF THE STUDY
According to Udoyen (2019), a study population is a group of elements or individuals as the case may be, who share similar characteristics. These similar features can include location, gender, age, sex or specific interest. The emphasis on study population is that it constitutes of individuals or elements that are homogeneous in description. This study was carried to examine an examination of the extent and type of informational materials improvised in senior secondary school. Selected secondary schools in Lagos State form the population of the study.
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
INTRODUCTION
This chapter presents the analysis of data derived through the questionnaire and key informant interview administered on the respondents in the study area. The analysis and interpretation were derived from the findings of the study. The data analysis depicts the simple frequency and percentage of the respondents as well as interpretation of the information gathered. A total of eighty (80) questionnaires were administered to respondents of which only seventy-seven (77) were returned and validated. This was due to irregular, incomplete and inappropriate responses to some questionnaire. For this study a total of 77 was validated for the analysis.
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Introduction
It is important to ascertain that the objective of this study was to ascertain An examination of the extent and type of informational materials improvised in senior secondary school. In the preceding chapter, the relevant data collected for this study were presented, critically analyzed and appropriate interpretation given. In this chapter, certain recommendations made which in the opinion of the researcher will be of benefits in addressing an examination of the extent and type of informational materials improvised in senior secondary school.
Summary
This study was on an examination of the extent and type of informational materials improvised in senior secondary school. Three objectives were raised which included: . Survey the extent and types of instructional materials provided by the government, determine the extent and the types of instructional materials that teachers actually improvise with their students, study the effect of instructional materials usage in the teaching and learning situation, examine the extent and the types of instructional materials that the school administration can improvise and investigate the extent and the types of instructional materials that can be improvised by the students and their parents. A total of 77 responses were received and validated from the enrolled participants where all respondents were drawn from selected secondary schools in Lagos state. Hypothesis was tested using Chi-Square statistical tool (SPSS).
Conclusion
In conclusion, the extent and type of informational materials improvised in senior secondary schools underscore the resilience and determination of the education community to provide quality learning experiences despite resource limitations. While this improvisation is commendable, it also underscores the need for increased investment in educational resources to ensure equitable access to high-quality materials. Future research should continue to explore the impact of improvised materials on learning outcomes and examine strategies for improving the availability of essential resources in senior secondary schools.
Recommendation
Based on the findings of this study on the extent and type of informational materials improvised in senior secondary schools, several recommendations can be made to enhance the educational experience and support the resourcefulness of educators and students:
- Promote Resource Sharing: Encourage educators and schools to share their improvised informational materials within the educational community. Creating a platform or network for educators to exchange ideas and resources can facilitate the dissemination of innovative teaching materials.
- Professional Development: Provide training and professional development opportunities for educators to enhance their skills in creating and adapting informational materials. This can include workshops on digital content creation, graphic design, and multimedia production.
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