The Impact of Electronic Voting on Voters’ Turnout During the 2023 Governorship Election in Lagos State
Chapter One
Objectives of the Study
The specifics of this study will include:
- To examine the impact of electronic voting on voter turnout during the 2023 Governorship Election in Lagos State.
- To identify factors influencing voter participation in elections, both with traditional and electronic voting systems.
- To assess the perceptions and experiences of voters regarding electronic voting in Lagos State.
CHAPTER TWO
Literature Review & Theoretical Framework
Electronic Voting Systems
Electronic voting systems (EVS) have gained prominence in modern electoral processes, representing a shift from traditional paper-based voting methods (Yekini et al., 2022). EVS encompass a range of technologies designed to facilitate the casting, recording, and counting of votes electronically, aiming to streamline the voting process and enhance accuracy (Ayo et al., 2020). These systems typically consist of hardware components such as electronic voting machines (EVMs), software applications for voter registration and ballot management, as well as network infrastructure for data transmission and security protocols (Esan & Ayeni, 2018).
There are various types of electronic voting systems deployed globally, each with distinct features and functionalities (Agena, 2021). Direct-recording electronic (DRE) voting machines allow voters to make selections directly on a digital interface, with results stored electronically (LaMorte, 2022). Optical scanning systems involve voters marking paper ballots that are then scanned and tabulated electronically, combining digital and manual processes (Isiaka et al., 2021). Internet voting systems enable remote voting through secure online platforms, offering convenience but also raising concerns about cybersecurity and authentication (Iremeka, 2023).
The evolution and adoption trends of electronic voting systems have been influenced by technological advancements and the quest for more efficient electoral processes (Duruji et al., 2021). Over the years, there has been a gradual transition from manual to electronic voting methods in many countries, driven by factors such as the need to reduce electoral fraud, improve accessibility for voters with disabilities, and expedite results tabulation (Ikelebe, 2020). Countries like Nigeria have explored the potential of electronic voting to address challenges in traditional voting systems and enhance the credibility of elections (Osumah & Aghamelo, 2020).
However, the adoption of electronic voting systems has not been without challenges and controversies (Araba & Braimah, 2023). Concerns about the security and integrity of electronic voting machines, susceptibility to hacking or tampering, and the digital divide affecting equitable access to voting technologies have been raised (Ujo, 2022). Additionally, debates continue regarding the transparency of electronic voting processes, accountability of electoral authorities, and public trust in the accuracy of electronic vote counts (Babalola, 2021).
The evolution of electronic voting systems reflects a broader trend toward leveraging technology to enhance democratic practices and electoral integrity worldwide (Gerlach, 2021). While electronic voting offers opportunities for efficiency and accessibility, ongoing research and innovation are needed to address technical vulnerabilities, safeguard against electoral malpractices, and ensure that democratic principles of transparency, fairness, and inclusivity are upheld in electoral processes (Ozor, 2023). Understanding the components, types, evolution, and challenges of electronic voting systems is crucial for policymakers, electoral authorities, and stakeholders to make informed decisions and advancements in electoral technology.
Voter Turnout and Democratic Participation
Voter turnout and democratic participation are fundamental aspects of electoral processes, reflecting the level of citizen engagement and involvement in shaping governance (Huntington, 2021). Voter turnout refers to the percentage of eligible voters who participate in an election by casting their votes, providing insights into the extent of political participation within a society (Levan & Ukata, 2022). It is often measured by dividing the number of votes cast by the number of eligible voters and multiplying by 100 to obtain a percentage (Nwolise, 2023).
Several factors influence voter turnout, ranging from individual-level characteristics to broader societal and contextual factors (Idike, 2014). Individual factors such as age, education level, income, and political interest play a role in determining voter turnout, with studies showing that higher education levels and income are associated with an increased likelihood of voting (Esan & Ayeni, 2018). Socioeconomic disparities, accessibility of polling stations, and election timing can also impact voter turnout rates (Iwu, 2020).
CHAPTER THREE
Methodology
Research Design
The research design that will be chosen for this study is a quantitative survey design (Saunders et al., 2019). This design is appropriate for investigating the impact of electronic voting on voter turnout during the 2023 governorship election in Lagos State. A survey allows for the collection of numerical data from a large sample of respondents, facilitating statistical analysis to identify patterns, correlations, and trends related to voter behaviour and electronic voting.
Research Setting
The research will be conducted in Lagos State, Nigeria, focusing on the 2023 governorship election (Saunders et al., 2019). Lagos State provides a diverse and populous setting, making it suitable for studying the impact of electronic voting on voter turnout across different demographic, geographic, and socio-economic factors.
Study Population
The study population will consist of specifically chosen eligible voters residing in Egbeda, Alimosho Local Government Area, Lagos State, who actively participated in the 2023 governorship election in the state. This population is estimated to comprise approximately 12,000 individuals (Saunders et al., 2019), reflecting a diverse array of voters characterized by varying demographic attributes and voting tendencies.
Sample Size and Sampling Procedure
A purposive sampling technique will be employed to select 120 respondents from the study population (Saunders et al., 2019). The sample size of 120 is chosen based on statistical considerations and the feasibility of data collection within the research timeframe. Purposive sampling allows for the selection of respondents based on specific criteria relevant to the research objectives, such as age, gender, educational background, and voting history.
References
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- Babalola, A. (2019). Towards Credible Election: Results Announced By Presiding Officers Should Be Deemed As Conclusive. Retrieved from http://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/02/towardscredible-election-results-announced-bypresiding-officers-should-be-deemed-asconclusive-evidence-by-inec-and-courts/ [5]
- Babalola, A. (2021). The E-Voting System Visa-Vis Nigeria’s Electoral Challenges. Retrieved from http://vanguardngr.com/2021/12/the-e-votingsystem-vi-a-vis-nigerias-electoral-challenges.
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