Attitude, Knowledge and Practice Towards Risks Emanating From Indiscriminate Disposal of Refuse in Owerri North Lga, Imo State.
CHAPTER ONE
Objectives of the Study
The goal was to analyze the Attitude, knowledge and practice towards risks emanating from Indiscriminate disposal of refuse. The case study was based on Owerri Dumpsite in Imo state. In an attempt to define this goal, the study was guided by the following other objectives:
- To find out if dumping of solid wastes at Owerri Dumpsite causes destruction of environments such as
- To find out whether the existence of the dumpsite has human heath
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
Literature review is a study of the documents done by recognized previous researchers, governments. National and International Agencies, Private &Sector Regional Co-operations. Individual and International Institutional the same topic It also involves printed reports electronic and social media. Literature review provides background information about the problems and benefits of the topic under study, It highlights the beginning of the problem, the attempt that have been made to solve it through technological innovations and public awareness It assists the author of the project repot to learn on the writing skills, the challenges associated with the topic, strategies of addressing the challenges at International. Regional and local levels The researcher is supposed to review documents related to the topic under study to enrich it with the discovered knowledge.
Case Study of Canada
Canada has a poor record on waste according to a recent international ranking of OECD countries by the Conference Board of Canada (Canada is 17th out of 17)1. Nationally, the amount of non-hazardous total waste (residential and non-residential) sent to disposal in 2010 was 25 million tonnes. This waste is expensive to manage, increases demand on natural resources and represents a missed opportunity to extract value from materials in the waste stream. In 2008 the OECD Council adopted a recommendation that encourages its members to improve resource productivity by promoting environmentally effective and economically efficient uses of natural resources and materials as well as to strengthen capacity for analyzing material flows.
“Vision 2050 – The New Agenda for Business Report” 3 by the World Business Council for Sustainable Development lays out a pathway leading to a global population of 9 billion people living within the resource limits of the planet by 2050. It spells out the things that must happen over the coming decade to make a sustainable planet possible: material demand, consumption and production are transformed to match the limits of non-renewable resources; closed-loop recycling – making the concept of waste obsolete is normal business practice, and societies havea circular approach to resources; used products and materials can be reengineered to function again for multiple and distinct purposes or reduced to raw materials for manufacturing other products; greenhouse gas emissions, energy and water use are no longer constraints on the materials industry. Canada is a long way from achieving the 2050 Vision objectives and the OECD commitments.
This report presents the results of a jurisdictional review of current waste management policies, waste reduction initiatives, waste diversion programs, energy from waste initiatives, and waste disposal practices across the country to provide a snapshot of the State of Waste Management in Canada. It was commissioned by CCME in August 2013. The terms of reference for the report were to collect and review data directly from submissions by each jurisdictional member on CCME’s Waste Management Task Group, conduct a literature review for publicly available information, and to conduct interviews. Once information collection was complete, the findings were assessed to identify trends, challenges to and opportunities for improved waste prevention, reduction, diversion, recovery and disposal, as well as potential opportunities for improved performance measurement and reporting of waste management.
Case Study of Japan
Because of monetary development, industrialization and growing population, troubles associated with the extended intake and depletion of resources, and the accelerated output of huge-ranging styles of waste are becoming extra extreme than ever. According to TakamojiYukul (2012) there is a phrase in Japan: Mottainai. It encompasses the exercise of treasuring and using all matters so long as feasible. While economies keep growing, this spirit of Mottainai constrained the era of waste and influenced the development of generation for reuse, recycling and effective use through heat recuperation.
Way ahead
It’d be extra efficient in most of the Asian international locations to use small series trucks due to slender roads. A number of the roads in Japan, too, are slender, and 1t to 2t compact garbage series vehicles were evolved with decreased frame weight as a way to boom load capacity. There are varieties of this rubbish series vehicles – mechanical vehicles (mobile Packers) and compressor-type trucks, but cell packers are more normally used. Packers scoop up the rubbish with a spinning disk and thrust it into the garage area with a sliding board. Garbage with high moisture content material reduces compression efficiency; but, with continuous modification, vehicles have accomplished high compression rate, with 1.five time’s greater load than flat pile vans. Compressor-kind vans press down the garbage on to the ground with a compressor board (pressing plate), and after breaking it up and lowering extent, the garbage is slid into the storage location. The vans successfully gather huge rubbish requiring breakdown, cumbersome puppy bottles and plastic waste.
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Design
Data Collection Methods Observations
Observations are a necessary data collection tool. Through observations one could establish what issues exist on the ground that requires attention. These include the types and levels of environment in the general area, which will give the urban morphology and character of the area and also the status of the environment with relation to refuse disposal methods.
Photography
Photography shall be employed to capture details of interest to elaborate on the situations or aspects that require illustrations as well as to support written explanations. Photographs therefore are useful tools for illustrations which inevitably shall be used for the purpose.
Institutional Interviews
The interviews are employed to gather information that is mainly related to the area of study or investigation. Some particular aspects of this investigation require such discussions so that the underlying information can be clarified and amplified so that consensus could be taken. Use will be made of scheduled interviews particularly for institutions directly or indirectly involved with solid waste to try and establish policy guidelines and institutional framework that exist together with the intended approaches that shall be employed to address the issues appropriately. The institutional interview schedules shall be used to collect data from the LAWMA, Hospitals, Schools e.t.c
Household questionnaires
Household questionnaires will be used to collect mainly social data. The data will include details about ages of the various interviewees, duration of stay in Owerri, personal opinions on how to mitigate effects of solid waste etc. They will also give information on how solid waste has affected the provision of environment and services such as water, sewer, roads.
Target Population
This study was conducted through a case study, a descriptive and holistic analysis of a single entity which in this case is the Owerri Dumpsite. The entire population for Owerri is about 240,000 persons according to the National Population Census of 2009. The researcher focused on the population in the immediate proximity of the dumpsite and at the periphery (about 1 km)from the dumpsite numbering 12,000 persons.
The population of Embakasi North sub-county (Owerri) according to the census of 2009 was 240000 (Nigeria National Bureau of Statistic)NBS. The population of the study area around the dump site was 120000people which is Nthen I randomly picked 10% of the total population of the study area around the dumpsite. The 10% was the sample size (n) which is 120 respondents who were interviewed. The interviews were done during school going days and the only people who were found at homes and business were adults. Again the enumerators targeted people who had lived long enough and knowledge on the effect of refuse disposal methods in Owerri estate.
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA PRESENTATION, INTEPRTATION AND ANALYSIS
Introduction
This section contains reports on research findings and an explanation of the data as appropriate. It does not contain every finding as contained in the analysis of the questionnaire responses. The researcher has attempted to provide a concise report as possible of the findings. The purpose of this section present and interpret findings. Assumptions organized according to various dimensions of the objections will be provided in this chapter.
Awareness on Refuse disposal methods
All the respondents (Table 4.5 below) who were involved in various forms of livelihood activities affirmed their awareness of all kinds of solid wastes such as organic, inorganic, medical ,e-waste, sanitary and beauty waste products being dumped in the area. This has led to a multitude of negative impacts on the environment.
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS ANDRECOMMENDATIONS
Introduction
This chapter focuses on summary of findings, conclusions about the findings and recommendations based on the conclusions.
Effects of Refuse disposal methods on Environment
The respondents indicated that refuse disposal methods has affected the environment in therespondents showed that the roads are impassable, buildings are discolored, drainage systems, water and sewerage systems are broken and electricity connections have been affected by refuse disposal methods in the area. Majority indicated that as a result of solid waste droppings from trucks and roadside dumping as temporary transfer points, most roads are inaccessible. This also results to flooding during the rainy season.
Effects of Refuse disposal methods on Human Health
It emerged that due to the indiscriminate dumping of solid waste most of the roads have been damaged by the waste transportation trucks whereas some of the roads are also inaccessible. Other environments such as water and sewerage systems burst due to heavy waste carrying trucks while the drainages are blocked during the rainy season leading to flooding. The nearby premises have peeling paints on the walls and rusted iron sheets therefore resorting to regular repairs and moving away of tenants. There were reported cases of broken electricity poles thus plunging the area into power blackout.
It also came to the fore that the dumping of solid waste affects the surrounding population due to respiratory diseases, breeding of disease vectors such as rodents, mosquitoes, stray dogs and cats and wild birds. It was noted from the respondents that the sources of water, air and soils around the area are contaminated by the waste. This has led to increased cases of eye irritations, stomach ailments and skin inflammations.
The respondents indicated that the main players in solid waste management in Owerri include the county government, community based organizations, resident associations, waste collection companies and youth groups. It was clearly reported that the management of the solid waste is not well coordinated thus leading to the challenges reported in this study. Failure by the county to put in place enforcement plans further compounded the problem.
The study found out that in Owerri area, proper practices by individuals have contributed to the significant reduction of solid waste from the streets. However, the stakeholders lack appropriate skills, equipment and modern technology to effectively manage the solid waste. Others feel that the dumpsite ought to be relocated from the residential area to an unpopulated site while the rest support the need for improved waste management practices such as the 3Rs.
Recommendations
Areas of Further Study
Due to the many types of wastes generated, there is need to research on their effects so as to develop appropriate management options. There are many benefits gained from waste as reported. Research needs to be done on the impacts of this utilization of waste on socio- economic development of Owerri and other areas at large. There is need to investigate the effects of new consumption products on recycling, re-use and recovery and the involvement of manufacturers and importers of consumption products on solid waste management.
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