Teaching Resources and Teaching Effectiveness in Public Secondary Schools
CHAPTER ONE
Objectives of the study
- To determine how availability of teaching and learning materials used in teaching and learning affect students’ performance.
- To establish how adequacy of physical facilities influence students’ performance.
- To establish how adequacy of human resource influence students’ performance.
- To assess extent of resource utilization and its effect on students’ performance.
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
Introduction
This chapter focuses on the study variables, hence deals with the concept of teaching and learning resources, their availability and adequacy in FDSS and extent of utilization and the influence of utilization of TLR on students’ mathematics performance. The literature review gives an evaluation of the TLR in use in the current public secondary schools and makes references to studies that have been done in the past in the study area.
Concept of teaching and learning resources
Adequacy of TLR refers to satisfactory or acceptable quality and quantities of material resources, physical facilities and human resources. According to DFID (2007), adequacy of instructional materials such as textbooks which is the main instruction material is the most cost effective input affecting student performance. In this context adequate supply is usually assumed to be a minimum of one textbook per three students, and at primary level enough reading books so that every child has the opportunity to read at least one new book every week.
Adequacy of TLR determines an educational system’s efficiency, according to Padmanabhan (2001). For effective teaching and learning, textbook and resource materials are basic tools, their absence or inadequacy makes teachers handle subjects in an abstract manner, portraying it a dry and non exciting. It is also
important to have appropriate personnel plan for adequate instructional materials and physical facilities to support educational effort. Therefore Scarcity of textbooks, libraries and physical facilities according to Coombs (1970), will constraint educational system from responding more fully to new demands. In order to raise the quality of education, its efficiency and productivity, better learning materials (TLM), physical facilities and human resources are needed. This research will look into the adequacy of TLR in FDSS since the implementation of public secondary schools in public education.
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Introduction
This chapter deals with the methodology used in carrying out the research. It highlights the research design, target population, sampling techniques and sample size, research instruments, reliability and validity of the research instrument, data collection procedures and data analysis techniques.
Research design
The study was carried out using a descriptive research survey design. Orodho (2005) notes that a descriptive research survey design is an appropriate way of evaluating educational programmes as educational activities operate in a social context. According to Krishnaswami (2001), this design is a fact finding study which involves collecting data directly from a population thereof at a particular time. This design is ideal for this study because the study was conducted in a setting that requires direct responses from the respondents while investigating existing phenomenon without manipulating the variables. The design also allows the participants to describe and provide their opinions regarding the variables being studied in detail.
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA ANALYSIS, PRESENTATION, INTERPRETATION AND DISCUSSION
Introduction
This chapter contains the findings of the data analysis of the study together with their interpretations. All themes discussing the same research questions were presented and analyzed together. The chapter begins with the demographic information of the respondents and schools followed by analysis, presentations, interpretation and discussions of research findings based on the respondents’ and schools’ demographic characteristics, followed by research questions. Tables, bar graphs and pie charts are used to present the findings while frequencies, means and percentages are used to discuss the findings.
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY OF THE STUDY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Introduction
This chapter presents the summary of the findings of the study, conclusions and recommendations arrived at. It also gives suggestions for further studies.
Summary of the study
The study was to assess the influence of TLR on students’ performance in in Public secondary schools in mainland local government lagos state. The research objectives were: To determine how availability of teaching and learning materials used in Public secondary schools in mainland local government lagos state affect students’ performance in KCSE, to establish how adequacy of physical facilities influence students’ performance ., to establish how adequacy of human resource influence students’ performance in Public secondary schools and to assess extent of resource utilization and its effect on students’ performance in Public secondary schools.
The study employed descriptive research design. The target population included head teachers, class teachers and students in the entire mainland. The sample size consisted of a total of 264 respondents; 6 head teachers, 18 class teachers and 240 students. The researcher employed self administered questionnaires to gather data for the study. There were three sets of questionnaires; head teachers, class teachers and students. Findings revealed that;
Public secondary schools has improved student enrollment in the schools, this is seen in the steady increase in enrolment rates over the past five years, and has also increased provision and adequacy of TLR in the schools as reported by the majority 5(83.3%) of head teachers.
The findings revealed that latrines/ toilets are available in all the schools as indicated by 100% of the head teachers, teachers and students. Classrooms, laboratory and playground facilities are available as indicated by 238(99.2%), 197(82.1%) and 195(81.2%) respectively by the student respondents. The facilities least available are libraries cited by 60(25%) and dining facilities cited by 43(17.9%), the findings implies that Public secondary schools has contributed to an overstretch on the school facilities. Although some schools have facilities such as libraries, laboratories and classes, most of these facilities are regarded as either small and in poor condition for all the physical facilities. The researcher observed that even though some facilities like classrooms and laboratories existed they were small and ill equipped to appropriately serve the purposes for which they were built.
The study established that the chairs and tables for teachers in schools were adequate. The respondents who strongly agreed on adequacy of chairs and tables in the staffroom were 4(66.6%) for the head teachers and 7(38.9%) for the teachers, indicating that majority of the respondents agreed that the number of chairs and tables were adequate. When asked about the adequacy of chairs and desks in the classrooms, only 1(16.7%) of the head teachers and 2(11.1%) of the teacher respondents strongly agreed on their adequacy, implying the desks in school are not enough for the learners. On capacity and equipment in the laboratory and agriculture room the head teachers and teachers who strongly agreed on their adequacy were a mere: 1(16.7%) and 0.0% respectively, meaning the facilities in the laboratories and agriculture rooms are quite inadequate. These results indicated that the schools did not prioritize issues that seem not to be directly related to tuition.
Conclusion
From this study it is clear that Public secondary schools is a fruitful and worthy programme since has increased access to secondary education to most students who miss opportunities in boarding secondary schools. From the study it’s also clear that TLM are available, except physical facilities are inadequate, small and in poor condition, inadequate recreational facilities and gross lack of human resources. An analysis of physical facilities shows an over stretch. Teachers further indicated that
facilities had a negative influence on performance of students in KCSE. Teaching and learning materials tend to be adequate and minimally shared especially in the compulsory subjects, human resources is also a serious concern, since enrolment in the schools increase yearly leading to inadequate curriculum supervision and implementation in schools. The study also established that the funds released by the government to finance free secondary education were inadequate, and was also not released on time, cited by 4(66.7%) of the schools head teacher respondents forcing schools to procure goods on credit or shelve some projects and this resulted to charging levies on parents to meet purchase of certain school resources.
Recommendations
Based on the findings, analysis and conclusions of the study, the following recommendations were made;
The government should allocate more funds to equip physical facilities in schools which are either inadequate or completely lacking, also more funds should be allocated to equip schools with resource persons, field trips and excursions, internet facilities and recreational facilities, to avert charging parents levies for these resources. Also specific subject rooms like agriculture room including laboratories should be equipped to enhance effective teaching and learning.
TSC should employ more teachers to cater for the enormous teacher shortage, in service training programmes should also be initiated to address manpower needs as a result of changing times to enable teachers embrace use and access to computers and the internet and provision of e-materials. Where the internet is unavailable, unreliable or unaffordable, the development of local school networks and the provision of e-materials to schools on compact disks (CDs/ flash disks can support e-learning via school servers and networks.
The directorate of quality Assurance and Standards within the ministry of education should be more empowered with resources to enable them carry out their advisory work more effectively in schools. It is expected that their regular visits to school would be beneficial to schools as through their guidance schools would be able to maintain the expected standards for effective learning to take place, this would assist principals as well to ensure all TLR are utilized effectively Head teachers should involve all education stakeholders to aid in school development programmes and projects. The schools should also initiate income generating projects to subsidize government funding.
The researcher recommends that the government should build more schools to meet the rising yearly enrolment surges to avoid overcrowding of physical facilities, stretch of teaching and learning materials and overworking of available teachers which in turn would compromise the quality of Public secondary schools.
Motivational programs should be put in place for schools managers, teachers and students so as to encourage them and maintain their focus on their roles and contribution towards effective and efficient education programmes.
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