Challenges of Money Politics in Taraba State 2019 Gubernatorial Election
CHAPTER ONE
Objective of the study
The objectives of the study are;
- To ascertain the relationship between money politics and Taraba state 2019 gubernational election
- To ascertain the challenges of money politics in Taraba state 2019 gubernational election
- To ascetrtain the effect of money politics on democracy
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
INTRODUCTION
Our focus in this chapter is to critically examine relevant literature that would assist in explaining the research problem and furthermore recognize the efforts of scholars who had previously contributed immensely to similar research. The chapter intends to deepen the understanding of the study and close the perceived gaps.
Theoretical analysis of money politics
Central to the theoretical analysis of money politics in Ondo State, Nigeria is the two publics postulation of Ekeh (1975). The theory of two publics as developed by Peter Eke has expressive analytical underpinning central to the understanding the dimensions of vote buying and the motive of vote selling. The theory is germane to providing explicit explanations for the pandemic corruption ravaging electoral politics in Nigeria (Adamu et al., 2017). To start with, one of the debilitating effects of colonialism, according to Ekeh (1975), was the effusion of two public realms, which it created: the primordial and civic public realms which, related differently with the private realm in terms of morality. As theorized by Ekeh (1975), Nigeria’s case is pathetic as it is a victim of conflicting loyalty: amoral civic public realm and moral primordial public realm. Citizens expect rights from the state but are not always inclined to expend duties for the state but for the native sector. This tragedy, as explained by Ogundiya (2009), forms the basis of an “amoral civic public realm”, and “moral primordial public realm”. The concept of “amoral civic public realm” explains a situation, where citizens perceive the state as a product of exploitative colonial rule and therefore illegitimate with no moral linkages with the private realm, while “moral primordial public realm” is a public perception of the primordial space as legitimate and to which absolute patriotism should be accorded. It was an amoral public realm in which cheating the system was considered a patriotic duty (Ogundiya, 2009). As the two actors operate in the two realms, conflict of loyalty pervades and defines the relationship, and this, more often than not, results in a situation where the state apparatus is employed to fatten the nest of the primordial public, thereby legitimizing corruption in the civic public space (Ogundiya, 2009; Osaghae 1988). This situation is well captured by Peter Ekeh (1975: 108) when he explains that: A good citizen of the primordial public gives out and asks for nothing in return; a lucky citizen of the civic public gains from the civic but enjoys escaping giving anything in return whenever he can. But such a lucky man would not be a good man were he to channel all his lucky gains to his private purse. He will only continue to be a good man if he channels part of the largesse from the civic public to the primordial public. That is the logic of the dialectics. The unwritten law of the dialectics is that it is legitimate to rob the civic public in order to strengthen the primordial public.
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
INTRODUCTION
In this chapter, we described the research procedure for this study. A research methodology is a research process adopted or employed to systematically and scientifically present the results of a study to the research audience viz. a vis, the study beneficiaries.
RESEARCH DESIGN
Research designs are perceived to be an overall strategy adopted by the researcher whereby different components of the study are integrated in a logical manner to effectively address a research problem. In this study, the researcher employed the survey research design. This is due to the nature of the study whereby the opinion and views of people are sampled. According to Singleton & Straits, (2009), Survey research can use quantitative research strategies (e.g., using questionnaires with numerically rated items), qualitative research strategies (e.g., using open-ended questions), or both strategies (i.e., mixed methods). As it is often used to describe and explore human behaviour, surveys are therefore frequently used in social and psychological research.
POPULATION OF THE STUDY
According to Udoyen (2019), a study population is a group of elements or individuals as the case may be, who share similar characteristics. These similar features can include location, gender, age, sex or specific interest. The emphasis on study population is that it constitute of individuals or elements that are homogeneous in description.
This study was carried to examine challenges of money politics in Taraba state 2019 gubernational election using Selected political parties in Taraba state as case study form the population of the study.
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
INTRODUCTION
This chapter presents the analysis of data derived through the questionnaire and key informant interview administered on the respondents in the study area. The analysis and interpretation were derived from the findings of the study. The data analysis depicts the simple frequency and percentage of the respondents as well as interpretation of the information gathered. A total of eighty (80) questionnaires were administered to respondents of which only seventy-seven (77) were returned and validated. This was due to irregular, incomplete and inappropriate responses to some questionnaire. For this study a total of 77 was validated for the analysis.
TEST OF HYPOTHESIS
HO1: there is no relationship between money politics and Taraba state 2019 gubernational election.
H1: there is relationship between money politics and Taraba state 2019 gubernational election.
HO2: there are no challenges of money politics in Taraba state 2019 gubernational election.
H1: there are challenges of money politics in Taraba state 2019 gubernational election.
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Introduction
It is important to ascertain that the objective of this study was to ascertain challenges of money politics in Taraba state 2019 gubernational election
In the preceding chapter, the relevant data collected for this study were presented, critically analyzed and appropriate interpretation given. In this chapter, certain recommendations made which in the opinion of the researcher will be of benefits in addressing the challenges of challenges of money politics in Taraba state 2019 gubernational election
Summary
This study was on challenges of money politics in Taraba state 2019 gubernational election. three objectives were raised which included: To ascertain the relationship between money politics and Taraba state 2019 gubernational election, to ascertain the challenges of money politics in Taraba state 2019 gubernational election and to ascertain the effect of money politics on democracy. The study adopted a survey research design and conveniently enrolled 80 participants in the study. A total of 77 responses were received and validated from the enrolled participants where all respondents were drawn from political parties in Taraba state. Hypothesis was tested using Chi-Square statistical tool (SPSS).
Conclusion
Money Politics, viewed from the perspective of the Nigerian situation has remained a worrisome political narrative in Nigeria’s fourth republic. The overvaluation of the role of money as a dominant factor that drives politics and political activities in Nigeria has remained dysfunctional to the overall administration of the Nigerian State. The import of Money Politics into our system was fundamentally motivated by greed, decadent level of morals and core ethical values and systemic failures. These behavioural impairments and other administrative abnormalities are antithetical to growth and development of the socio-economic and political fabrics of the society. Incidentally, the domineering stance of money in the politics of Nigeria‟s democratic fourth republic has stripped political parties of unique but functional ideologies which should define core objectives and operational purposes, in relation to the manifesto they wish to sell to the electorate. Also, Money Politics in Nigeria, especially in the fourth republic has discountenanced and played down on the importance of idiosyncratic leadership-the latter which places tremendous emphasis on leaders possessing qualities, ideals and principles that make them sensitive and responsive to the expectations of their followers. The negative derivatives from Money Politics in Nigeria have obvious consequences in the rampant leadership crisis and failures, witnessed in most spheres of political governance.
Recommendation
The political culture of any given politically organized society invariably reflects the normative principles that regulate the conducts and operational ethics that guide the various institutions that make up the entire polity. To this end, it behooves the Nigerian government at all levels and arms, including the civil society organizations to initiate and commence a redefinition of the tenets of our political culture. Such a laudable proposal should be a welcome bill at the National Assembly and should be patriotically but dispassionately deliberated upon, adopted and subsequently signed into law by the executive arm. The outcome should reflect a statutorily-enabling prohibition of the systemic tolerance of money politics.
An aspect of the re-defined laws should promote a wide spread impression which should presuppose that political positions are not avenues for financial enrichment. By extension, in practical terms, there should be in place, effective systemic blockages to wealth accumulation through politics.
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