A Comparative Study on the Need for Effective Policies as a Panacea for Sustainable Hospitality and Tourism Industry
Chapter One
Objectives of the Study
The objective of the study is to examine a comparative study on the need for effective policies as a panacea for sustainable hospitality and tourism industry and the specific objective are:
- to survey the prevalence of effective policies as a panacea for sustainable hospitality and tourism industry in the country
- to inquire the impact of effective policies on the development of the hospitality and tourism industry in Nigeria
- to analyze efforts taken by the government to ensure effective policies for sustainable hospitality and tourism industry in the country
CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Introduction
Tourism management is significant and plays a vital role in enhancing the sustainability of hospitality industry. It encompasses several activities including planning and organising tours of destinations and attraction sites, travelling arrangement, provision of transportation and accommodation facilities, management of intermediaries and security network in tourism destinations to improve sustainability of the hospitality industry (Brebbia and Pineda, 2012). Effective tourism management is important and offers significant impact on the growth and sustainability of hospitality industry. As indicated by Todorut and Cîrnu (2012), tourism is the management of commercial organisation and operation of holidays and visits by tourist and other guest to attraction sites, destinations, hotels, packs and other places of interest. Effective tourism management is significant for the sustainability of hospitality firms and plays a key role in job creation and economic growth. It is important for state agencies and other tourism regulators to ensure effective tourism management and development of tourism destination and attraction sites in order to improve the potentials and sustainability of hospitality industry. This is necessary because the activities of tourism regulators has significant influence on the performance of hospitality firms (VillanuevaÁlvaro et al., 2017). Effective management of destinations, attractions sites, transportation systems as well as tourism intermediaries and security network is important in the tourism development and sustainability of hospitality industry. Proper tourism management enhances tourist holidaying and guest stay in a destination and leads to improved patronage and repeat visits to the destination and other attraction sites. Study by Barišiü and Mariü (2012) indicated that effective tourism management relates with performance of hospitality industry and enhances tourism growth and development
TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY EDUCATION
Zimmermann (200 6) p oints out t hat su stainable tou rism management n eeds to involve local communities. This suppor ts Jam ieson’s (2003) v iew that sustainable touris m d evelopment requires the establishment of education traini ng programmes to im prove public understanding and enhance business, vocational and professional skills especial ly for the poor and wom en. However, although extensive rese arch has been conducted in the field of tourism planning and development, up until ver y recently, li ttle has been done in t he field of tourism educati on, particularly higher education. As Coo per, She pherd, and Westlake (199 6, p.4) suggest, “ the profile of t ourism educat ion has been elevat ed as a result of the increased recognition in government circles of the economic importance of tourism”. Traditionally, the enhancement of service standa rds has been the main parameter governing the deployment of tourism education and t raining infrastructure (Liu & Wall, 2006) and in m any SIDS this has alm ost exclusively centred on vocational and technical skills. As m ost countries devise their strategies for developing tourism human resources in accordance to their own socioeconomic and polit ical requirements, often little thought is gi ven as to how this education relates to the existing socio-cultural framework of the host country. The lack of skilled expertise at the educator and trainer level has also meant that most of the existing curriculum in SIDS has been borrowed from other cultural contexts and is not neces sarily applicable to local context s and stakeholder needs. T his has often resulte d in discontent with the quality of graduat es entering the labour m arket and disillusionm ent amo ngst em ployers on the employ ability of graduates. The challenges facing tourism education in SIDS are also diverse, including t he availability of programmes, diversity , a ccess, instructional resources, quality and cons istency of training (Craig-Smith & Cooper, 2003), cultural s uitability of educational models (Theuns & Go, 1992), private-public involvement (Ernawati & Pearce, 2003; Lewis, 2005), and systematic approaches (Gee, 2002). In analy sing the status of hum an resource develop ment in the Asia-Pacific rim, Gee (2002) found that most countries in the region have tended to focus on physical and capital investment, rather than on human resource issues. Moreover, in some SIDS, the population base is so small and the resources so limited that establishing a tourism and hospitality education and training institution or programme is simply not feasible as educat ional priorities lay elsewhere (Gee, 2002). In SIDS such as the Maldi ves, accessibility to available programmes and facil ities is relatively limited in rel ation to the r apid growth and m agnitude of the tou rism industr y. Often touri sm education is provided by a few private and gove rnmental institutions conce ntrated in major urban areas which make access diffic ult for students fro m outer ly ing isla nds or provinces . Where tourism education programmes do exist, t hey vary widely in term s of design, cont ent, teaching methods, examinations, evaluations, and the skills required by graduates. According to Gee (2002), most of the SIDS in Asia-Pacific ri m also lack a com prehensive national to urism education and training strategy incorporating systematic planning to meet existing and expected labour force needs. Attracting young people seeking a car eer in tourism and hospitality is a co mplex challenge for many educators and the tourism industry i n SI DS. The literature shows that, in many SID S, tourism is not seen as a high-status econom ic sector within which to develop a career.
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
INTRODUCTION
In this chapter, we described the research procedure for this study. A research methodology is a research process adopted or employed to systematically and scientifically present the results of a study to the research audience viz. a vis, the study beneficiaries.
RESEARCH DESIGN
Research designs are perceived to be an overall strategy adopted by the researcher whereby different components of the study are integrated in a logical manner to effectively address a research problem. In this study, the researcher employed the survey research design. This is due to the nature of the study whereby the opinion and views of people are sampled. According to Singleton & Straits, (2009), Survey research can use quantitative research strategies (e.g., using questionnaires with numerically rated items), qualitative research strategies (e.g., using open-ended questions), or both strategies (i.e., mixed methods). As it is often used to describe and explore human behaviour, surveys are therefore frequently used in social and psychological research.
POPULATION OF THE STUDY
According to Udoyen (2019), a study population is a group of elements or individuals as the case may be, who share similar characteristics. These similar features can include location, gender, age, sex or specific interest. The emphasis on study population is that it constitutes of individuals or elements that are homogeneous in description.
This study was carried to examine a comparative study on the need for effective policies as a panacea for sustainable hospitality and tourism industry. Selected hospitality industries in Lagos form the population of the study.
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
INTRODUCTION
This chapter presents the analysis of data derived through the questionnaire and key informant interview administered on the respondents in the study area. The analysis and interpretation were derived from the findings of the study. The data analysis depicts the simple frequency and percentage of the respondents as well as interpretation of the information gathered. A total of eighty (80) questionnaires were administered to respondents of which only seventy-seven (77) were returned and validated. This was due to irregular, incomplete and inappropriate responses to some questionnaire. For this study a total of 77 was validated for the analysis.
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Introduction
It is important to ascertain that the objective of this study was to ascertain a comparative study on the need for effective policies as a panacea for sustainable hospitality and tourism industry. In the preceding chapter, the relevant data collected for this study were presented, critically analyzed and appropriate interpretation given. In this chapter, certain recommendations made which in the opinion of the researcher will be of benefits in addressing the challenges of effective policies as a panacea for sustainable hospitality and tourism industry
Summary
This study was on a comparative study on the need for effective policies as a panacea for sustainable hospitality and tourism industry. Three objectives were raised which included: to survey the prevalence of effective policies as a panacea for sustainable hospitality and tourism industry in the country, to inquire the impact of effective policies on the development of the hospitality and tourism industry in Nigeria and to analyze efforts taken by the government to ensure effective policies for sustainable hospitality and tourism industry in the country. A total of 77 responses were received and validated from the enrolled participants where all respondents were drawn from selected hospitality industries in Lagos. Hypothesis was tested using Chi-Square statistical tool (SPSS).
Conclusion
Tourism management has been a crucial feature of the business landscape and plays important role on the sustainability of hospitality industry and economic development of nations, particularly developing countries. However, poor tourism management and neglect of tourism sector in many developing countries impeded the development of tourism ecosystem in many countries for obvious reasons. To this end, this study explored the effect of tourism management as a panacea for sustainability of hospitality industry. Five core variables that act as catalyst to effective tourism management were utilized in the study: destinations management, management of attraction sites, management of tourist transportation systems, management of tourism intermediaries, and management of security system. The results indicated that five hypotheses examining in the study were all supported and confirmed. Specifically, the results showed that destinations management has a significant positive effect on the sustainability of hospitality industry. Similarly, management of attraction sites has a significant positive effect on the sustainability of hospitality industry. Also, management of tourist transportation systems has a significant positive effect on the sustainability of hospitality industry. Accordingly, management of tourism intermediaries has a significant positive effect on the sustainability of hospitality industry. Lastly, management of security system has a significant positive effect on the sustainability of hospitality industry. Therefore, it is concluded that effective destinations management, management of attraction sites, tourist transportation systems, tourism intermediaries and security system is vital for the development and growth of the tourism sector and significantly enhance the sustainability of hospitality industry as well as economic growth of nations. In other words, effective tourism management and adoption of workable strategies become germane towards enhancing the tourism ecosystem and sustainability of hospitality industry. Importantly, the results of the study have significant theoretical and practical implications. First the study contributed to the literature on tourism management from a developing country context. From the practitioner’s perspective, the results of the study provided a better understanding of the implications of effective tourism management on the sustainability of hospitality industry, particularly in developing countries.
Recommendation
Tourism bureau should provide a framework that would drive this laudable industry effectively
Indigenous entrepreneur should be motivated to participation in the development of the tourism industry so as to ensure smooth operation of the hotel industry
Effectively security should be provided by the government and other stakeholder so as to fight against crime rate and also motivate foreign investors to invest in the hotel industry
Hotel Industry should provide a sound service delivery that would help motivate foreign and domestic tourist to stay longer days.
References
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