The Effect of Leadership Styles on Workers’ Productivity (a Study of Cadbury Nigeria Plc)
CHAPTER ONE
PURPOSE OF STUDY
The purpose of this study is as follows:
- To determine whether leadership styles affect workers’ productivity in Cadbury Nigeria Plc
- To determine how leadership styles affects industrial relations in Cadbury Nigeria Plc.
- To determine and compare the managerial leadership styles and their impact on employee behaviour and productivity.
- To appraise if leadership styles and patterns affect the rate of absenteeism and labour turnover.
CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
CONCEPTS OF LEADERSHIP
According to Lawal,A.A.(1993) Leadership is the process of influencing others to work willingly toward an organizational goal with confidence. According to Asika,N.(2004), “Leadership is generally defined simply as the process of influencing people to direct their efforts towards achievement of some particular goal or goals”. According to Koontz et,al (1982). “Leadership is generally defined simply as the art of influencing people so that they will strive willingly towards the achievement of group goals”. ‘This concept can be seen to include not only willingness to work but with zeal and confidence. Sikula,A.F.(1996), sees “Leadership simply as an act that involves influencing others to act toward the attainment of a goal”. According to Akpala,A. (1990) “leadership has been defined in terms of’ functions performance by executives as ‘individuals and as a group”. ‘This concept clarify that the responsibility of the superior is to direct behaviour into channels that promote the achievement of organization and departmental goals. Further studies have been carried out by researchers to examine the issue of leadership In the view of Eze (1982), he sees Leadership as a relational concept involving both the influencing agent and the person being influenced. This he claimed means that without followers there can be no Leader. He further indicated that the factor which interact to produce an effective leader include not only the abilities and characteristics of the group he is leading, but also the characteristics of the situation in which his leadership takes place. To round it up, Eze (1982) described the Nigeria leader as having authoritarian leadership characteristics and practices. They seem to maintain a rigid dictatorial approach to management as well as a master—servant. rider horse relationship with subordinates. A Nigeria by nature and training is autocratic and demands nothing hut respect and obedience from his is subordinates.. Eze (1982), posited further that leadership particularly in the public sector becomes the ‘cradle of influence to rule enforcement and productivity, shoddiness and inefficiency, double standards, lack of seriousness and indiscipline. Okafor (1981) asserts that Nigeria leaders are tight lipped, egg head, who clogged up the nation’s wheel of’ progress. he further explained that Nigerian leader in the foreign owned private sector is also an autocrat who maintains a master servant relationship with his subordinates. He equally hold the concessionary view of public office, but unlike his counterpart in the public sector, he is performance conscious, works hard to reach target set for him by his foreign masters and is highly responsible and accountable. He does this because of his fear of dismissal and because he enjoys good working conditions and good fringe benefits. Akpala,A. (1982 ) concluded that the consequences of this miserable style include the characteristic work attitude of the Nigerian work force.
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
INTRODUCTION
In this chapter, we described the research procedure for this study. A research methodology is a research process adopted or employed to systematically and scientifically present the results of a study to the research audience viz. a vis, the study beneficiaries.
RESEARCH DESIGN
Research designs are perceived to be an overall strategy adopted by the researcher whereby different components of the study are integrated in a logical manner to effectively address a research problem. In this study, the researcher employed the survey research design. This is due to the nature of the study whereby the opinion and views of people are sampled. According to Singleton & Straits, (2009), Survey research can use quantitative research strategies (e.g., using questionnaires with numerically rated items), qualitative research strategies (e.g., using open-ended questions), or both strategies (i.e., mixed methods). As it is often used to describe and explore human behaviour, surveys are therefore frequently used in social and psychological research.
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
INTRODUCTION
This chapter presents the analysis of data derived through the questionnaire and key informant interview administered on the respondents in the study area. The analysis and interpretation were derived from the findings of the study. The data analysis depicts the simple frequency and percentage of the respondents as well as interpretation of the information gathered. A total of eighty (80) questionnaires were administered to respondents of which only seventy-seven (77) were returned and validated. This was due to irregular, incomplete and inappropriate responses to some questionnaire. For this study a total of 77 was validated for the analysis.
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Introduction
It is important to ascertain that the objective of this study was to ascertain the effect of Leadership Styles On Workers’ Productivity (A Study of Cadbury Nigeria Plc). In the preceding chapter, the relevant data collected for this study were presented, critically analyzed and appropriate interpretation given. In this chapter, certain recommendations made which in the opinion of the researcher will be of benefits in addressing the challenges of of Leadership Styles On Workers’ Productivity
Summary
This study was on the effect of Leadership Styles On Workers’ Productivity (A Study of Cadbury Nigeria Plc). Three objectives were raised which included; To determine whether leadership styles affect workers’ productivity in Cadbury Nigeria Plc, to determine how leadership styles affects industrial relations in Cadbury Nigeria Plc, to determine and compare the managerial leadership styles and their impact on employee behaviour and productivity and to appraise if leadership styles and patterns affect the rate of absenteeism and labour turnover. A total of 77 responses were received and validated from the enrolled participants where all respondents were drawn from Cadbury Nigeria Plc in Lagos. Hypothesis was tested using Chi-Square statistical tool (SPSS).
Conclusion
The study concludes that leadership style of the organization greatly influence the performance and organizational output. Organization will function effectively when management employs a proper leadership styled. Therefore, harmony should be created between workers, management and the task environment.
Recommendation
We recommend that democratic, participatory and supportive leadership should exist within the organization, leaders should set vibrant high performance organizational culture through interpersonal relation, dialogues and transparency. Leaders should adopt effective communication pattern to produce enthusiasm and foster an atmosphere of confidence within the organization. It should note that the aforementioned as indices and indexes of democratic leadership style which culminated to high performance.
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