Perceived Factors Affecting Non Stay of Health Workers in Rural Areas of Enugu State
CHAPTER ONE
Objective of the study
The objectives of the study are;
- To describe factors influencing the non stay of health workers in the rural area of Enugu state
- to make recommendations for the role management in retaining health workers in the rural area of Enugu state
CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
FACTORS INFLUENCING STAFF RETENTION
Nurse job satisfaction
Mueller and McCloskey (1990:113) define job satisfaction as “a positive affective orientation towards employment. It encompasses both intrinsic and extrinsic characteristics
Job satisfaction: intrinsic characteristics Intrinsic characteristics of job satisfaction include autonomy and independence in patient relationships, autonomy in the profession, group cohesion with peers and with physicians, and organisation characteristics. All these are directly related to intent to stay and retention and indirectly related to retention through intent to stay (Ellenbecker 2003:306).
Autonomy
Bucknell and Thomas (1996:571-577) define autonomy as “the sense of independence and freedom of initiative present in a job. It has been conceptualised as locus of control, individual responsibility, power or independence and as task decision autonomy.” Autonomy exists as autonomy and independence in patient relationships, and as autonomy in the profession or professional pride. Independence and professional autonomy play a major role in job satisfaction (Ellenbecker 2003:306; Lynch 1994:21-28; Mahoney 2000:28-30; Neal 2000:110). In addition, autonomy is directly related to intent to stay and indirectly related to retention (Alexander, Lichtenstein & Ullman 1998:415-427; Boyle, Bott, Hansen, Woods & Tauntan 1999:361-371; Klemm & Schreiber 1992:52-56; Tai, Bame & Robinson 1998:1905-1924). Neal (2000:112) maintains that nurses who achieve autonomy are likely to be retained. A sense of nurses’ professional autonomy is enhanced when physicians develop trust in the nurses’ clinical assessment and supports their decision making in clinical situations.
Group cohesion: relationship with peers Aiken, Smith and Lake (1994:771) define relationship with peers as a nurse’s perception of the amount of support received from peers; it is also conceptualised as social or group intimacy, social support, interaction or peer communication, perception of integration into the organisation and presence of collegial environment. Aiken et al (1994:771-787) identify a positive collegial relationship as one of the factors contributing to nurses’ satisfaction. The greater the social cohesion among workers, the less likely they are to leave the job (Alexander et al 1998:415; Boyle et al 1999; Leveck & Jones 1996:331-334; Shader, Broome, Broome, West & Nash 2001:210-216; Tai et al 1998:1906). Lynch (1994:22) reported that social integration is an important contributor to job satisfaction.
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
INTRODUCTION
In this chapter, we described the research procedure for this study. A research methodology is a research process adopted or employed to systematically and scientifically present the results of a study to the research audience viz. a vis, the study beneficiaries.
RESEARCH DESIGN
Research designs are perceived to be an overall strategy adopted by the researcher whereby different components of the study are integrated in a logical manner to effectively address a research problem. In this study, the researcher employed the survey research design. This is due to the nature of the study whereby the opinion and views of people are sampled. According to Singleton & Straits, (2009), Survey research can use quantitative research strategies (e.g., using questionnaires with numerically rated items), qualitative research strategies (e.g., using open-ended questions), or both strategies (i.e., mixed methods). As it is often used to describe and explore human behaviour, surveys are therefore frequently used in social and psychological research.
POPULATION OF THE STUDY
According to Udoyen (2019), a study population is a group of elements or individuals as the case may be, who share similar characteristics. These similar features can include location, gender, age, sex or specific interest. The emphasis on study population is that it constitutes of individuals or elements that are homogeneous in description.
This study was carried to examine perceived factors affecting non stay of health workers in rural areas of Enugu state. Selected health centers form the population of the study.
SAMPLE SIZE DETERMINATION
A study sample is simply a systematic selected part of a population that infers its result on the population. In essence, it is that part of a whole that represents the whole and its members share characteristics in like similitude (Udoyen, 2019). In this study, the researcher adopted the convenient sampling method to determine the sample size.
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
INTRODUCTION
This chapter presents the analysis of data derived through the questionnaire and key informant interview administered on the respondents in the study area. The analysis and interpretation were derived from the findings of the study. The data analysis depicts the simple frequency and percentage of the respondents as well as interpretation of the information gathered. A total of eighty (80) questionnaires were administered to respondents of which only seventy-seven (77) were returned and validated. This was due to irregular, incomplete and inappropriate responses to some questionnaire. For this study a total of 77 was validated for the analysis.
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Introduction
It is important to ascertain that the objective of this study was to ascertain perceived factors affecting non stay of health workers in rural areas of Enugu state. In the preceding chapter, the relevant data collected for this study were presented, critically analyzed and appropriate interpretation given. In this chapter, certain recommendations made which in the opinion of the researcher will be of benefits in addressing the challenges of perceived factors affecting non stay of health workers in rural areas of Enugu state
Summary
This study was on challenges of perceived factors affecting non stay of health workers in rural areas of Enugu state. Two objectives were raised which included: To describe factors influencing the non stay of health workers in the rural area of Enugu state and to make recommendations for the role management in retaining health workers in the rural area of Enugu state. A total of 77 responses were received and validated from the enrolled participants where all respondents were drawn from selected health centers. Hypothesis was tested using Chi-Square statistical tool (SPSS).
Conclusion
Exposure of healthcare workers to a rural setting has a strong influence on retention. In-service training improves healthcare worker’s capabilities through improved competency and autonomy on the one hand, but on the other, it increases the likelihood of attrition through increased mobility as healthcare workers become eligible to more job opportunities. Although the resulting mobility can worsen workforce imbalance, it can improve it as well. An in-depth understanding of the forces at play and a clear response via policy is critical for addressing health workforce challenges in low- and-middle-income countries. There is recognition of individual factors affecting mobility and retention from the perspectives of the healthcare workers and policymakers. However, incorporating wider aspects such as family, community and societal factors at policy level may be necessary to bring about the desired changes in the human resources for health in line with the global agenda.
Recommendation
Ministry of health should make working environment friendly to health workers. Should provide working facilities for smooth working office. Management should try maintain peace coworking environment.
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