The Impact of ICT in Teaching and Learning for Public Senior Secondary School
CHAPTER ONE
Objective of the Study
The purpose of the study is to verify or find out:
- The extent to which ICT is needed in planning and implementing educational programs
- The extent to which ICT enhances the quality of education
- The usefulness of ICT in school administration
- The problems associated with the use of ICT by secondary school students
- The negative effect of ICT usage in instruction and learning
- The academic impact of ICT on secondary school students
CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Leaning Theories and their Correlation with ICT
Learning can be seen by many as a process of change in behavior or understanding as a result of interaction with external idea or knowledge. According to the free encyclopedia (Wikipedia) learning theories are calculated structures portraying how data/information is ingested, prepared and hold during learning. Cognitive, feeling, and ecological impacts and additionally related knowledge all have influence in how understanding or a world perspective is obtained or changed and information, idea and expertise are retailed.
- Behaviorism: Is the learning theory that disregards all kinds of independent mind activities and focuses largely on the observable behaviors of the learner. In line with this, learning is therefore defined as an acquisition of new behaviors as a result of changes in the environmental conditions. Psychologist such as John B. Watson, Iva Pavlov, F.B Skinner and E.L Thorndike concluded from their various studies that behaviorism is a universal opinion which assumes a learner is fundamentally passive and responding to the stimuli within his/her environment. The theory hypothesized that the learner start off as a fresh and his/her behavior is shaped through positive and negative reinforcements. In line with this, Learning is again defined as an instruction that depends on the observable changes in the learner`s behavior. Those behaviors that can be observed and measured are the student`s active participations in class activities include both physical and those involve the use of ICT facilities such as simulations and online activities. In this method, technology tools such as digital camera and other facilities provided by learning management system software have been of great help toward observing students changes in behavior under specific circumstances for a certain period of time. Cameras can be utilized to keep a steady track of various observable behaviors which can help instructor in evaluating and re-evaluating of a specific perception in student`s conduct (Kuter, 2012).
- Cognitivism: is a theory of learning that views the learning process as an internal and active mental process, which develops within a learner. Increased mental capacity and skills helps to learn better. This theory focuses on the memory, critical thinking ability, aptitudes and prior knowledge of the learner. Research shows that by 1960, cognitivsm revolution supplanted behaviorism as the overwhelmed worldview which concentrates on the internal mental exercises. The contributors to this theory in their various works include Morrill, Reieluth, Gagne, Briggs, Wager and Brunner. In the above theory it can be seen that learner here is a viewed as an information processor just like a computer.
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
INTRODUCTION
In this chapter, we described the research procedure for this study. A research methodology is a research process adopted or employed to systematically and scientifically present the results of a study to the research audience viz. a vis, the study beneficiaries.
RESEARCH DESIGN
Research designs are perceived to be an overall strategy adopted by the researcher whereby different components of the study are integrated in a logical manner to effectively address a research problem. In this study, the researcher employed the survey research design. This is due to the nature of the study whereby the opinion and views of people are sampled. According to Singleton & Straits, (2009), Survey research can use quantitative research strategies (e.g., using questionnaires with numerically rated items), qualitative research strategies (e.g., using open-ended questions), or both strategies (i.e., mixed methods). As it is often used to describe and explore human behaviour, surveys are therefore frequently used in social and psychological research.
POPULATION OF THE STUDY
According to Udoyen (2019), a study population is a group of elements or individuals as the case may be, who share similar characteristics. These similar features can include location, gender, age, sex or specific interest. The emphasis on study population is that it constitutes of individuals or elements that are homogeneous in description.
This study was carried to examine the impact of ICT in teaching and learning for public senior secondary school. Selected secondary schools in AMAC form the population of the study.
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
INTRODUCTION
This chapter presents the analysis of data derived through the questionnaire and key informant interview administered on the respondents in the study area. The analysis and interpretation were derived from the findings of the study. The data analysis depicts the simple frequency and percentage of the respondents as well as interpretation of the information gathered. A total of eighty (80) questionnaires were administered to respondents of which only seventy-seven (77) were returned and validated. This was due to irregular, incomplete and inappropriate responses to some questionnaire. For this study a total of 77 was validated for the analysis.
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Introduction
It is important to ascertain that the objective of this study was to ascertain the impact of ICT in teaching and learning for public secondary school. In the preceding chapter, the relevant data collected for this study were presented, critically analyzed and appropriate interpretation given. In this chapter, certain recommendations made which in the opinion of the researcher will be of benefits in addressing the challenges of the impact of ICT in teaching and learning for public secondary school.
Summary
This study was on the impact of ICT in teaching and learning for public secondary school. Three objectives were raised which included The extent to which ICT is needed in planning and implementing educational programs, the extent to which ICT enhances the quality of education, the usefulness of ICT in school administration, the problems associated with the use of ICT by secondary school students, the negative effect of ICT usage in instruction and learning and the academic impact of ICT on secondary school students. A total of 77 responses were received and validated from the enrolled participants where all respondents were drawn from selected secondary school in AMAC. Hypothesis was tested using Chi-Square statistical tool (SPSS).
Conclusion
This study basically examined ICT facilities utilization and their impact on quality teaching and learning outcome in the 21st century classroom. One important factor that emerged from this study was the fact that the utilization of ICT facilities affects the quality of teaching and learning outcome in the 21st century classroom. It was revealed that teachers were stimulated by the use of ICT facilities thereby making teaching fun and pleasurable. The implication of the findings in this study is that for students to gain from the trend of ICT facilities of 21st century, there is urgent need for adequate availability and effective utilization of ICT facilities in the 21st century classroom in public secondary schools in AMAC. This is because ICT revolution has impacted on all aspects of the international community in Nigeria. Our public secondary schools cannot be left out of it. Apart from some problems such as high cost and inadequate funding, ICT facilities utilized
Recommendation
Government through the ministry of education should provide ICT to all the secondary schools in Nigeria.
The various stakeholders should be sensitized to provide public secondary schools with the required infrastructural ICT facilities so as to enhance effective educational service delivery through quality teaching and learning. Public secondary schools should see the need to integrate ICT facilities into classroom activities and also improved the capacity and level of adoption of ICT facilities in teaching and learning processes.
For utilization of ICT facilities, all members of staff should be trained and retrained continuously on the ICT skills acquisition and specialization.
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