The Effect of Poverty on Educational Development of the Citizens
CHAPTER ONE
Objective of the study
The objectives of the study are;
- To explore the effect of poverty on education in Nigeria
- To investigate how education process and accessibility could alleviate poverty in Nigeria
- To ascertain the relationship between poverty and educational development
CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
What is Education
Education is the process of the teaching and training of the child. It is about imparting skills and the acquisition of knowledge for a particular trade or profession in which appropriate methods are applied (Kellerman, 1980). Similarly, education as all positive efforts, conscious and direct, incidental and indirect, made by a given society to accomplish certain objectives that are considered desirable in terms of the individual’s needs as well as the needs of society where the programme is based (Fafunwa, 1983). In relation to the individual and community, education has been linked to society with the definition of Ebong (1996), defining education as a powerful instrument for the development of man and society, while according to Enamiror, (2007) education is a systematic procedure for the transfer and transformation of culture, through formal or informal training of people in a society. Thus, it deals with the mental, physical, psychological and social development of the citizens in a given society. According to Ojo and Vincent (2000), cited by Nwangu (2004), “Education is many things to man, a visa to success, a passport to the unknown, a catalyst to great heights. Education empowers, emboldens, refines, civilizes, enlightens, enriches and gives confidence to man”.
What is poverty?
According to Case and Ray (1989), poverty is defined as people with very low incomes. Besides, poverty should be measured by examining or calculating how much it costs to buy the basic necessities of life, a minimally adequate diet, the minimum housing unit and so forth. A country that is perceived to be poor has failed to cater for her citizenry, lacks amenities and lives in fear. “Poverty is the lack of capability to function effectively in society. Inadequate education can thus be considered a form of poverty” (AmartyaSen, 1992, 2001, p5, UNESCO, 2008). However, in a country where poverty is rampant, numerous poverty alleviation programmes should be launched and it is a government responsibility to look at the problem from the grass-roots level and devise undisputable strategies. The effect of poverty leads to a lack of educational resources in poor schools and sometimes could hinder learning. Without providing good facilities, teaching materials, textbooks and classroom resources, it becomes hard to facilitate good learning and quality teaching. Educationally speaking, the only way to reduce poverty is to make considerable investments in education. This investment provides many benefits such as skills enhancement and productivity among poor households.
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
INTRODUCTION
In this chapter, we described the research procedure for this study. A research methodology is a research process adopted or employed to systematically and scientifically present the results of a study to the research audience viz. a vis, the study beneficiaries.
RESEARCH DESIGN
Research designs are perceived to be an overall strategy adopted by the researcher whereby different components of the study are integrated in a logical manner to effectively address a research problem. In this study, the researcher employed the survey research design. This is due to the nature of the study whereby the opinion and views of people are sampled. According to Singleton & Straits, (2009), Survey research can use quantitative research strategies (e.g., using questionnaires with numerically rated items), qualitative research strategies (e.g., using open-ended questions), or both strategies (i.e., mixed methods). As it is often used to describe and explore human behaviour, surveys are therefore frequently used in social and psychological research.
POPULATION OF THE STUDY
According to Udoyen (2019), a study population is a group of elements or individuals as the case may be, who share similar characteristics. These similar features can include location, gender, age, sex or specific interest. The emphasis on study population is that it constitutes of individuals or elements that are homogeneous in description.
This study was carried to examine the effect of poverty on educational development of the citizens. Federal Polytechnic Oko in Anambra State form the population of the study.
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
INTRODUCTION
This chapter presents the analysis of data derived through the questionnaire and key informant interview administered on the respondents in the study area. The analysis and interpretation were derived from the findings of the study. The data analysis depicts the simple frequency and percentage of the respondents as well as interpretation of the information gathered. A total of eighty (80) questionnaires were administered to respondents of which only seventy-seven (77) were returned and validated. This was due to irregular, incomplete and inappropriate responses to some questionnaire. For this study a total of 77 was validated for the analysis.
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Introduction
It is important to ascertain that the objective of this study was to ascertain the effect of poverty on educational development of the citizens. In the preceding chapter, the relevant data collected for this study were presented, critically analyzed and appropriate interpretation given. In this chapter, certain recommendations made which in the opinion of the researcher will be of benefits in addressing the challenges of the effect of poverty on educational development of the citizens
Summary
This study was on the effect of poverty on educational development of the citizens. Three objectives were raised which included: To explore the effect of poverty on education in Nigeria, to investigate how education process and accessibility could alleviate poverty in Nigeria and to ascertain the relationship between poverty and educational development. A total of 77 responses were received and validated from the enrolled participants where all respondents were drawn from Federal Polytechnic Oko in Anambra State. Hypothesis was tested using Chi-Square statistical tool (SPSS).
Conclusion
Education is indispensable to economic development and poverty eradication. No economic development is possible without education. A balanced education system promotes not only economic development, but productivity, and generates individual income per capita. Its influence is noticeable at the micro level of an individual family whose combination makes up the nation.
Recommendation
Government should budget more finance on education to help eradicate poverty in the country
References
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