Effect of Banditry on the Education System in Nigeria (a Case Study of Kaduna State)
CHAPTER ONE
Objective Of The Study
The primary aim of this study is to critically examine the effect of banditry on the educational system of Nigeria. The specific objectives therefore include;
- Investigate whether banditry operations have affected educational teaching and learning in Kaduna state.
- Investigate whether weather banditry has affected the educational calendar in Kaduna state.
- Investigate whether weather banditry has affected students’ academic performance in Kaduna State.
- Investigate whether weather banditry has affected children’s enrolment in schools in Kaduna state.
- Investigate whether banditry has affected the availability of educational infrastructure in Nigeria.
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
Introduction
Our focus in this chapter is to critically examine relevant literature that would assist in explaining the research problem and furthermore recognize the efforts of scholars who had previously contributed immensely to similar research. The chapter intends to deepen the understanding of the study and close the perceived gaps
Conceptual framework
Banditry
Banditry means occurrence or prevalence of armed robbery or violent crime. It involves the use of force, or threat to that effect, to intimidate a person with the intent to rob rape or kill. Banditry is a crime against persons. It has been a common genre of crime, as well as cause violence in contemporary societies (Nigeria Watch, 2011).The concept of banditry has been changing over time, space and circumstances. A bandit in the 19th century Europe and Americas was a freedom fighter whose aim was partly to ensure the emancipation of the downtrodden from the upper class or colonised over the colonizer (Warto,1994:128). Furthermore, bandits like Chucho el Roto, Herachio Bernel and Santanon were often celebrated as heroes of Mexican independence. Therefore, Mexicans have warm regards and respect for those “social workers” termed bandits, while on the contrary, the State often considered them as nuisance and outlaws that need to be eradicated (Michael Watts,1987:8).According to Rotberg (2007:33), “crime against persons, including murder, rape, and robbery has grown in scale and viciousness in Nigeria since 1999”. This has been demonstrated by the pervasive trend of armed robbery in the country, which in effect mirrors the Africa-wide experience. In this regard, Onimode opines that:
Car snatching robbery of homes and offices, way-laying of travellers (high-way robbery) are common forms of armed robbery in African countries. Their incidence has been rising since the African crises started in the 1980s (Onimode, 2001:37).
Therefore, in some pre-industrial societies peasants see bandits differently from the State not as outlaws, hoodlums and miscreants but as avengers and “bread winners”. However, a bandit in traditional African setting is entirely opposite to that of Americas and Europe, the former specialised in armed robbery and other related crimes (Curott & Fink, 2008:46).
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research design
The researcher used descriptive research survey design in building up this project work the choice of this research design was considered appropriate because of its advantages of identifying attributes of a large population from a group of individuals. The design was suitable for the study as the study sought to examine the effect of banditry on the education system in Nigeria.
Sources of data collection
Data were collected from two main sources namely:
- Primary source and
- Secondary source
Primary source:
These are materials of statistical investigation which were collected by the research for a particular purpose. They can be obtained through a survey, observation questionnaire or as experiment; the researcher has adopted the questionnaire method for this study.
Secondary source:
These are data from textbook Journal handset etc. they arise as byproducts of the same other purposes. Example administration, various other unpublished works and write ups were also used.
Population of the study
Population of a study is a group of persons or aggregate items, things the researcher is interested in gathering information relevant to the effect of banditry on the education system in Nigeria. Two hundred (200) residents in Kaduna, Kaduna State was selected randomly by the researcher as the population of the study.
CHAPTER FOUR
ANALYSIS AND PRESENTATION OF DATA
One hundred and sixty (160) questionnaires were distributed and one hundred and forty (133) were returned. This figure was the sample size. Out of the one hundred and thirty-three, only one hundred and twenty (120) were properly responded to. As a result, the researcher used one hundred and twenty for this study when more than 50% of the respondents agree to the questions, the answer is taken as valid for the purpose of this study. In analyzing the data, the approach that will be adopted is to find out the percentage and positive and negative answers to the question posed.
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Introduction
It is important to ascertain that the objective of this study was to ascertain effect of banditry on the education system in Nigeria. In the preceding chapter, the relevant data collected for this study were presented, critically analyzed and appropriate interpretation given. In this chapter, certain recommendations made which in the opinion of the researcher will be of benefits in addressing the challenge of banditry on the education system in Nigeria
Summary
This study was on effect of banditry on the education system in Nigeria. Three objectives were raised which included: Investigate whether banditry operations have affected educational teaching and learning in Kaduna state, Investigate whether weather banditry has affected the educational calendar in Kaduna state, Investigate whether weather banditry has affected students’ academic performance in Kaduna State, Investigate whether weather banditry has affected children’s enrolment in schools in Kaduna state and Investigate whether banditry has affected the availability of educational infrastructure in Nigeria.. In line with these objectives, two research hypotheses were formulated and two null hypotheses were posited. The total population for the study is 200 residents in Kaduna, kaduna state. The researcher used questionnaires as the instrument for the data collection. Descriptive Survey research design was adopted for this study. A total of 133 respondents made students, married men, married women and business owners were used for the study. The data collected were presented in tables and analyzed using simple percentages and frequencies
Conclusion
The conclusions are drawn based on the above findings of the study; Educational output (i.e. human capital investments) is influenced by banditry. It is concluded that the level of investment in human beings required to be achieved by a society, will be difficult with the present of banditry. This is because, banditry lead to high level of students dropout. Improvements in the level of school enrolment, schools attendance and school infrastructure are significantly determined by the level of educational input into Education by Government. That is, the higher the level of school enrolment, school attendance and schools infrastructure, the higher the level of educational output. This implies that educational output increase with the increase in the level of school enrolment, school attendance and schools infrastructure. With the presence of banditry in a society the level of school enrolment, school attendance and school infrastructure are significantly affected, in which the level of educational output is affected. Conclusively, banditry indirectly and significantly affects human capital investment through school enrolments, school attendance and school infrastructure. Extreme religious believes, high level of unemployment as well as illiteracy determined the emergence of banditry. This implies that increase in the level of banditry activities is determined by the high level of extreme religious beliefs, unemployment and illiteracy. In conclusion therefore, high level of unemployment and illiteracy make people to be easily brainwashed to get involved in the banditry activities.
Recommendation
- The study recommended that the non formal learning centers initiated by UKAID, USAID etc should be emulated by Kaduna state government in order to reduce illiteracy in the state.
- The study also recommended that, since extreme religious beliefs, unemployment and illiteracy are the contributory factors to insurgency as shown by the findings; government should provide employment opportunities for the citizens and encourage them to be self-reliant. This can only be done through giving them loans and training them on different types of businesses. This can also be done through organising seminars on business issues. As such, people will not easily be brainwashed or get involved in any activity that is characterized as insurgency.
References
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