Waste Management Strategies Among Food Vendors
CHAPTER ONE
OBJECTIVES OF THIS STUDY
The aim and objective of this study to provide insight into the effective management of food vendors wastes with following objective:
- This research work attempt to inquiry into the strategies, method, challenges and benefits of the food vending impact to the society.
- This research work also investigate on how food waste can be transformed or converted into financial gain.
- This research will also investigate on how environmental pollution is being caused by food vendors controlled or managed
CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
INTRODUCTION
Our focus in this chapter is to critically examine relevant literature that would assist in explaining the research problem and furthermore recognize the efforts of scholars who had previously contributed immensely to similar research. The chapter intends to deepen the understanding of the study and close the perceived gaps.
Precisely, the chapter will be considered in three sub-headings:
- Conceptual Framework
- Theoretical Framework
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
The Concept of Waste
Most human activities generates waste (Brunner and Rechberger, 2014). Despite that, the production of wastes remain a major source of concern as it has always been since pre historic period (Chandler et al, 1997). In recent times, the rate and quantity of waste generation have been on the increase. As the volume of wastes increases, so also does the variety of the waste increases (Vergara and Tchobanoglous, 2012). Unlike the pre historic period where wastes were merely a source of nuisance that needed to be disposed of. Proper management was not a major issue as the population was small and a vast amount of land was available to the population at that time. In those days, the environment easily absorbed the volume of waste produced without any form of degradation (Tchobanoglous et al, 1993). A substantial increase in volume of wastes generation began in the sixteenth century when people began to move from rural areas to cities as a result of industrial revolution (Wilson, 2007). This migration of people to cities led to population explosion that in turn led to a surge in the volume and variety in composition of wastes generated in cities. It was then that materials such as metals and glass began to appear in large quantities in municipal waste stream (Williams, 2005). The large population of people in cities and communities gave rise to indiscriminate littering and open dumps. These dumps in turn formed breeding grounds for rats and other vermin, posing significant risks to public health. The unhealthy waste management practices resulted in several outbreaks of epidemics with high death tolls (Tchobanoglous et al, 1993). Consequently, in the nineteenth century public officials began to dispose waste in a controlled manner in other to safe guard public health (Tchobanoglous et al, 1993). Most developed countries passed through a period when they were developing environmentally. Today, however, most of these countries have effectively addressed much of the health and environmental pollution issues associated with wastes generation. In contrast, the increasing rate of urbanization and developments in emerging countries is now leading to a repeat of the same historical problems that developed countries have had to address in the past (Wilson, 2007). An important question in modern day wastes management is – what exactly is a waste? Waste is the useless by product of human activities which physically contains the same substance that are available in the useful product (White et al, 1995). Wastes have also been defined as any product or material which is useless to the producer (Basu, 2009). Dijkema et al, (2000) pointed out that, wastes are materials that people would want to dispose of even when payments are required for their disposal. Although, waste is an essential product of human activities, it is also the result of inefficient production processes whose continuous generation is a loss of vital resources (Cheremisinoff, 2003). A substance regarded as a waste to one individual, may be a resource to another. Therefore, a material can only be regarded as a waste when the owner labels it as such (Dijkema et al, 2000). Despite this subjective nature of wastes, it is important to describe clearly, what constitutes a waste because. This is because the classification of a material as a waste will form the foundation for the regulations required to safeguard the populace and the environment where the wastes are being processed or disposed of (DEFRA 2009).
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
INTRODUCTION
In this chapter, we described the research procedure for this study. A research methodology is a research process adopted or employed to systematically and scientifically present the results of a study to the research audience viz. a vis, the study beneficiaries.
RESEARCH DESIGN
Research designs are perceived to be an overall strategy adopted by the researcher whereby different components of the study are integrated in a logical manner to effectively address a research problem. In this study, the researcher employed the survey research design. This is due to the nature of the study whereby the opinion and views of people are sampled. According to Singleton & Straits, (2009), Survey research can use quantitative research strategies (e.g., using questionnaires with numerically rated items), qualitative research strategies (e.g., using open-ended questions), or both strategies (i.e., mixed methods). As it is often used to describe and explore human behaviour, surveys are therefore frequently used in social and psychological research.
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
INTRODUCTION
This chapter presents the analysis of data derived through the questionnaire and key informant interview administered on the respondents in the study area. The analysis and interpretation were derived from the findings of the study. The data analysis depicts the simple frequency and percentage of the respondents as well as interpretation of the information gathered. A total of one hundred and eighty (180) questionnaires were administered to respondents of which one hundred and fifty (150) were returned and all were validated. For this study a total of 150 was validated for the analysis.
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
SUMMARY
In this study, our focus was on waste management strategies among food vendors using food vendors in Ifako Ijaiye Lga as a case study. The study specifically was aimed at highlighting the strategies, method, challenges and benefits of the food vending impact to the society. The study also investigate on how food waste can be transformed or converted into financial gain. Lastly, the study investigate on how environmental pollution is being caused by food vendors controlled or managed. A total of 150 responses were validated from the enrolled participants where all respondent are drawn from food vendors in Ifako Ijaiye .
CONCLUSION
Based on the finding of this study, the following conclusions were made:
- Waste serve as fertilizer to the soil
- Waste helps create employment
- Waste causes pollution
- Lack of MSW management and disposalis one of the challenges food vendors face.
- insufficient financial capacityis another challenge food vendors face
- the lack of strict laws and regulationsis a major challenge for food vendors.
RECOMMENDATION
Based on the responses obtained, the researcher proffers the following recommendations:
That Since factors such as population increase and the coming together of people to form communities lead to increase waste generation. Efforts should be directed towards making projections far ahead in order to ensure that new and existing settlements are adequately planned so as to accommodate possible increase in the volume of waste generation in future. Effectively planning ahead will prevent indiscriminate disposal and other harmful practices so as to prevent the build-up of open dumps and breeding ground for rats and other vermin which poses health risk.
REFERENCES
- Adekunle, B. F. (2012). Management of TraditonalMarkets in Ibadan, Nigeria: a focus on oja’ba and oje markets. Retrieved from http://www.regionalstudies.org/uploads/BALOGUN_Femi_Adekunle.pdf
- Al-Busaidi, Z., (2008). Qualitative Research and its Uses in Health Care. Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal, vol. 8 (1), pp. 11-19. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3087733/ [2017-03-30]
- Aschemann-Witzel, J., Hooge, I., & Normann, A., (2016). Consumer-related food waste: Role of food marketing and retailers and potential for action. Journal of International Food & Agribusiness Marketing, vol. 28 (3), pp. 271-285.
- Aschemann-Witzel, J., Hooge, I., Amani, P., Bech-Larsen, T., & Oostindjer, M., (2015). Consumerrelated food waste: Causes and Potential for Action. Sustainability, vol. 7, pp. 6457-6477. DOI: 10.3390/su7066457
- Atkinson, R., (1998). “The Life Story Interview”, in Gubrium, & Holstein (ed.). Handbook of Interview Research: Context and Method. Qualitative Method Research Series, vol. 44. Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA.
- Aye, L., & Widjaya, E. R. (2006). Environmental and economic analyses of waste disposal options for traditional markets in Indonesia. Waste Management, 26(10), 1180-1191. https:/doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2005.09.010
- Baker, S., (2015). Sustainable Development. Routledge, Abingdon, Oxon. Available at: ProQuest EBook Central [2017-03-05]
- Barillas, J., (2015). “Auditoría Ambiental del Relleno Sanitario de la Zona 3”. Master Thesis. Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala. Available at: http://biblioteca.usac.edu.gt/tesis/02/02_4255.pdf [2017-03-29]
- Barros, A. I., Dekker, R., & Scholten, V. (1998). A two-level network for recycling
